| Summary: | 碩士 === 淡江大學 === 拉丁美洲研究所碩士班 === 98 === A military coup took place in 1973 Chile. Augusto Pinochet came to power and started his leadership that lasted for as long as 17 years. His neo- liberal model was extended to various public services such as education. As a result, in the next 20 years, Chilean education became highly hierarchical, and the teaching quality gap between public and private schools increased. Gradually it led to social discontent.
In 2006, Michelle Bachelet came to power; she increased the university entrance exam fees and cut the subsidies of student transportation. This caused a nationwide student movement – The Rebellion of Penguins. Chilean secondary school students would like to take this opportunity to urge the Government to alter the education system, improving the quality of Chilean education.
Social movements have the characteristics of expressing the views of different groups in the society. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the cause, developing process, and success rate of social movements by using the theories related to social movements. By doing so, one can understand the relationship between society and social movements and can see the changes brought by social movements. Furthermore, one can find the key to the formation of social movements and the main factors of achieving one’s goals.
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