| Summary: | 碩士 === 中國文化大學 === 社會福利學系 === 98 === After the first political party rotation, the demographic of the country changed rapidly. The continuous growth of the advanced aging with fewer children population formation influences the direction of policy-making for the social welfare into a more diverse expansion. Social welfare may be the main focus for the majority of political or economic activities; however, numerous factors will inevitably occur in the process of developing different social welfare policies. Any social policy is formed from various factors, thus researchers constantly ponder on the question that whether the social welfare policies contain only political and economic factors or other factors as well? Therefore, after our democracy has been established, what are the factors to the social welfare policies in our country?
The purposes of this study are listed as following:
1. To understand the factors to the social welfare policies in our country.
2. To build the blueprint for the development of the social welfare policies in our country.
3. To provide the reference for constructing the social welfare policies in our country.
This study used the National Health Insurance, Elderly Allowance, and the National Pension Fund as examples to investigate the possible factors during the policy-making process. After a thoroughly research and clarification on the past social welfare policies, we found that there total of 13 factors: the preferences of the decisions makes, the structure of the government offices, the public opinions, the elites, the profiting organizations, the political parties, the bureaucracies, the campaign commitments, the competition of the political parties, the preferences of the local leaders, the budget, the financial resources, and the ideologies. This study summarizes the 13 factors into the following four factor-categories as the indication for the analysis of policy-making:
1. The profiting organizations.
2. The elites.
3. The political parties.
4. The demographic.
Through the investigation and analysis on the historical information, the study found that the most concentrated influence on the policy-making for the social welfare in our country is at the political level, which includes the factors of the profiting organizations, the elites, and the political parties. In contrast, the demographic factor has little influences on the policy-making for the social welfare in our country. However, in the aspect of political level, the competition between the political parties caused the cost of the social welfare policies to increase. Also, the confrontation and division between the ruling party and the opposing parties caused the resource distribution to be mismatched. Nevertheless, the influence of the demographic factor, the advanced aging with fewer children population formation, is primarily seen in the post-policy implementation. In conclusion, this study showed that there are four factor-categories that would influence the policy-making for the social welfare in our country: the profiting organizations, the elites, the political parties, and the demographic.
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