| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立高雄大學 === 都市發展與建築研究所 === 98 === With the advance of all industries and rapid development of society and economy in Taiwan, people have earned more money and are more likely to afford small vehicles or scooters. Though mass transit system is convenient in the metropolitan city, its utilization rate is relatively low, resulting in the high percentage of possessing private vehicles. Moreover, air pollution caused by the exhaust of vehicles is serious and air quality is then affected severely. When choosing vehicles, people tend to ignore the exterior cost caused by air pollution. On the other hand, considering the distribution of vehicles in the metropolitan city, it is essential to look at private vehicles versus mass transit system. In this case, the emission reduction and benefits of vehicles will become more important.
This study takes private vehicles and mass transit system in Kaohsiung metropolitan as the research subject to estimate the emission of air pollution for mass transit system and private vehicles, and to construct an evaluation model of air pollution generated by vehicles. Based on the emission coefficients estimated by the program, Mobile-Taiwan2.0, this research is aims at calculating the amount of air pollution emission in terms of NOX, CO, and HC generated by vehicles from the perspectives of the relationships among emission factor, trips, and the average travel distance of vehicles. Moreover, the study adopts the vehicle percentage cited from the model of vehicle selection in Kaohsiung constructed in ‘The Report of Household Trips and Features in Kaohsiung Metropolitan’ (2009) and to analyzes it with Incremental Logit Model and scenario analysis to discover how the air pollution emission in Kaohsiung metropolitan varies in accordance with various percentages of vehicles in different scenarios, and to estimate the cost benefits of pollution reduction.
Transportation distribution ratio based on transportation air pollution mode, via the scenario analysis in order to gain the best reduction scenarios. In terms of NOX reduction, the best scenario is to increase the parking fee of small vehicles to NT$50 so that its reduction will be 0.48 ton per day. Or the best scenario of CO reduction is to increase the parking fee of automobile and scooter by NT$10 respectively so that its reduction will be 61.43 tons per day. Moreover, the best scenario of HC reduction is to increase the parking fee of automobile and scooter by NT$10 respectively. In this case, the reduction will be 24.2 tons per day. Obviously, since buses are high in the emission factor of NOX, when the trips of small vehicles and scooters switch to buses, the amount of NOX emission may increase as well in scenarios. On the other hand, when the trips of small vehicles and scooters switch to buses, the amount of CO and HC emission may decrease as well. In this case, small vehicles and scooters can be seen as the main source of CO and HC emission.
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