A study of shi (士) in“Zhan Guo Zong”

• Main Authors: Jing-yi Huang, 黃靜怡
• Other Authors: Wun-jiang Liou
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2010
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31756368117128200449

碩士 === 國立中山大學 === 中國文學系研究所 === 98 === 士/shi/, 謀士/mou shi/,策士(tse shi) ( scholar who provide good idea, plans or strategies to king or power politicians) is a highly influential social class in Pre-Qin dynasty, those people are intelligent, talented, and self-actualization, possess a very strong desire to fulfillment; Accomplish both success and fame is their philosophy, standard and values. It echoes the old saying, “Officialdom is the natural outlet for good scholars”. In the spring and autumn period, there is the special implication that a士/shi/ make an official, it is not only for power, fortune, and fame, or social participation and social caring. Be an official is just a method; the concept behind this is the there is the only way to achieve their political ideals by becoming the trusted subordinate of the King and other powerful politicians. During the warring states period of china, the conflict of the domestic, diplomacy, and military affairs are keep happing between each states. Diplomatic power is the important role to deal these complicated situations, however the person’s talent is the key to diplomatic power. Thus, person’s talent and intelligent are attract the special attention. Under this competitive circumstance, Many powerful politician tend to hire 士/shi/ to give them advises, provide stage for 士/shi/ and facilitate their popularities. Form royal to rural, civil to military, mysterious diplomacy to gruesome battlefield, gangster to hero, 士/shi/ can be seen everywhere. They use their talent to pursuit powerful position, those person building accomplish by becoming a counselor or criticizer. 士/shi/ enjoy the special glorious treatment in warring states period of china, they even can control country’s policy, influence the King’s decision and dominate the future direction of the country. Those who contribute their intelligent and talent to their Master or King, might have different purposes and motivations. This research focus on the士/shi/ who provide their talents for King and other powerful politician, and discuss their philosophy and values. The first chapter explains respectively the motivation, hypothesis and methodology. Those aspects focus on “the meaning of 士/shi/”, “The historical background or setting about the rise of士/shi/”, “The change and classification of士/shi/” to interpret warring period士/shi/’s category and the reason about their rise. The second and third chapter defines the士/shi/’s behavior, method of debating, and the result of lobby to analyze their motivation to toward successful and avoid failure. The fourth chapter lists the standout士/shi/ who has the strict moral code and disdains to follow such utilitarianism. It also analyze the difference from others to discover the reason they beyond other士/shi/. The fifth chapter list the scholar who did the lobby behavior but not belong謀士/mou shi/, and define the difference by comparison above-mentioned two characters. Finally the conclusion summarizes each chapter; hope can express the different viewpoint from different aspects to策士(tse shi).