| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 歷史學系所 === 98 === Traditional China has vast territory and large population. The law takes effect to the populace only through the implementation of county politics. Judicial business is the major part among all county affairs. Thus, besides the law, county magistrate use other method for enlightening county people. Morals and belief are both used to enlighten people generally. The function of law is to punish the crime, and morals and belief are to prevent the crime.
Yuan-Huang(1533-1606) was an erudite person, and was learned in the theories of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. He had ever been the magistrate of Bao-De County. In the period of Yuan-Huang’s management of Bao-De, he worked very hard to improve the life of people, especially in Judicial and prison business. When he reigned the county, he took use of the thought of retribution to restrain the people and got a big success. He is also the author of “Liao-Fan’s Four Admonitions”, a famous book from late Ming Dynasty till now, taught people to behavior well and to get good remunerations.
In the first section, the article discuss the background in the late Ming Dynasty, when the became popular widely. Besides all factors, like politics, social and economy development, and the Ideological trend, Yuan- Huang played an important role, too. Various kinds of the Ledgers of Merit and Demerit were created in the end of Ming Dynasty and Chin Dynasty. It demonstrated that the development of the Ledgers of Merit and Demerit had close connection with Yuan- Huang.
In the second section, we try to realize Yuan-Huang’s administration measure in Bao-De County by “The Political Book of Bao-De”. We find there is filled with retribution concept. However, when we analyze the “Chapter Frontier Defense”, we can still see the influence of Confucianism. Besides, we take the other two political books comparing with “The Political Book of Bao-De”, and research the thoughts of county management in the end Ming Dynasty. It shows there was argument between Utilitarianism and Moral Principle.
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