| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 園藝學系所 === 98 === A rural area is the region that connects the co-existence and development of natural creatures and human beings. It has the ecological system totally different from those of urban areas and natural primitive forests. However, road development has resulted in deteriorating urbanization of the land on the two sides, causing shattered, interfered, and devastated ecological habitats in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence caused by the construction of national highway on landscape change in rural areas. The focal points in this study included: The driving force analysis of landscape change in rural area, the influence caused by the construction of national highway on the suitable distribution probability of each landscape type in rural area, the influence caused by the construction of national highway on landscape change, and the influence caused by the construction of national highway on landscape patterns.
The research area was in Puli Township, Nantou County. The study was performed respectively aimed at the two situations—Being influenced by the national highway, and not being influenced by the national highway: 1. Through the SPOT satellite images in 2000 and 2009, supervised classification and expert knowledge base classification were performed, to acquire the data of landscape distribution; 2. By means of interview method, the driving forces in the changes in each landscape type were acquired; 3. According to the results of the interviews, the suitable distribution probability of each landscape type was calculated through Logistic Regression Analysis; then, bye means of CLUE-s（the Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent）Model, the landscape change from 2010 to 2025 was forecasted. As for the forecast results, the exponents of landscape structures were calculated, and the diagram of curves were drawn to compare the differences in the two situations.
This study indicated four kinds of conclusions mainly:
1. Through interview method, 18 driving forces were major factors impact landscape change in Puli Township. The main driving forces for the item of “not being influenced by the national highway” were: slope, distance to water source, distance to the road, and development cost. The main driving forces for the item of “being influenced by the national highway” were: slope, distance to water source, distance to the road, development cost, and distance to the interchange. After the national highway was established, the distribution of built-up areas and farmlands were affected mainly.
2.According to the results from the suitable distribution probability of each landscape type processed through Logistic Regression, under the two kinds of situational simulations, the surroundings of Puli Basin was equally suitable for forest distribution. If the two were subtracted, the probability of reduction was higher in the region of Xiangshan Village. Built-up areas were equally suitable for the distribution within urban planning districts. The situation having national highway had larger range of distribution, while the built-up areas in non-urban planning districts had greater probability of increase. The farmlands in the two situations were equally suitable for the distribution within urban planning districts and their surroundings. The comparisons of the two showed that the probability of reduction was higher within urban planning districts. The grasslands not being influenced by the national highway were suitable for the distribution in Taomi Village and Xinan Village, while the ones being influenced by the national highway were suitable for the distribution in Yixin Village. The comparisons of the two showed that the probability of reduction was higher in Yixin Village and Xiangshan Village.
3. The landscape simulation results processed through CLUE-s Model indicated: The entire landscapes not being influenced by the national highway were scattered, while the built-up areas expanded outward from urban planning districts. The entire landscapes being influenced by the national highway were more congregate, while most of the built-up areas expanded along the edges of the roads in non-urban planning districts to form small villages.
4.As for the comparisons and analyses aimed at the exponents of landscape structures of the two situations, the entire landscapes not being influenced by the national highway had many more blocks with higher diversity—many more blocks of forest land, many more blocks of built-up areas with higher congregation, irregular farmland edges with higher patchiness, and many more blocks of grasslands with irregular edges. The entire landscapes having the national highway had larger average measure square with irregular edges and higher congregation and patchiness, as well as irregular edges of forest land with higher congregation and patchiness, irregular edges of built-up areas with higher patchiness, many more blocks of farmlands with higher congregation, and the higher congregation and patchiness of grasslands.
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