| Summary: | 碩士 === 嶺東科技大學 === 國際企業研究所 === 98 === Following the development of economic globalization, international trade and environment problem has become a focus of global concern. In the background of trade liberalization worldwide, establishing Free Trade Agreement (thereinafter “FTA”) even becomes a trend. Environment related problems are getting serious and more and more trade and environment conflicts are happening. Thus, this research used Olson (1982) to analyze individual and group’s relationship and the theory can be extended to nations too. Because member nations in regional economic organization are lesser, resulting in lower group action’s coordination costs, group action can be implemented easier. Meanwhile, since economic entity’s behavior is bound by system, system’s regulation and actual situation will directly affect system’s implementation results. An efficient system possesses both constraint mechanism and incentive mechanism. Constraint mechanism can assure a system is effectively carried out and incentive mechanism helps economic entity to voluntarily adopt actions that follow a system, so as to lower system’s implementation costs. Regional economic organization on one hand uses reverse-incentive; it sets up system that has constraint power or punishment mechanism to limit member nations’ “hitchhiking” action or other strategic behaviors effectively, allowing the possibility of group action. On the other hand, regional economic organization can also use positive incentive to encourage member nations to reduce strategic behaviors voluntarily. Examples include providing financial supports to nations that have insufficient funds, encouraging member nations that have advanced environment technology to transfer clean production technologies to more backward countries preferentially, reducing backward member nation’s debt burden, cutting down member nation especially developed member nation’s trade barriers, enhancing market access opportunity, etc… Such positive incentives are easier to adjust member nation’s initiatives in bearing group action costs than reverse incentives. Such are also better ways for promoting member nation’s long term mutual cooperation and solving trade and environment problems.
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