| Summary: | 碩士 === 輔仁大學 === 兒童與家庭學系碩士班 === 99 === The purpose of this study was to understand the relations among family emotional expressiveness, children’s effortful control and children’s social competence.
Quetionnaires were used for parents and teachers of 4-6 year-old children studying in public and private preschools in New Taipei and Taipei Cities. The tools included the Family Emotional Expressiveness Scale and Children’s Behavior Questionnaire-Short Form which was filled out by parents. Children’s Social Competence Scale was assessed by teachers. There were 425 valid data collected.
The data collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics, reliability analyses, t-tests, one way ANOVAs, Pearson correlations and multiple regressions. The main results were as followed:
1. Family emotional expressiveness included “positive emotional expressiveness” and “negative emotional expressiveness”. It showed that family had more positive emotional expressiveness and interactions than negative emotional expressiveness.
2. There were four dimensions in children’s effortful control: attention focusing, perceptucl sensitivitity, inhibitory control, and low intensity pleasure. The score of children’s effortful control was between “little correct” and “pretty correct”. It showed that the score of effortful control for young children was above average.
3. Children’s social competence included five dimensions: cooperation, interaction, politencess, independence and prosocial. The result indicated that children often showed social competence.
4. There were significant gender differences in children’s social competence. Girls’ social competence was higher than boys’ except in the interaction dimension. The group of five year-old’s social competence was higher than that of four year-old’s.
5. There was no significant differences in children’s social competence based upon family SES.
6. The results of correlations showed that family emotional expressiveness, children’s effortful control, children’s gender and age were partly positively related to children’s social competence. Family negative emotional expressiveness were partly negatively related to children’s social competence. However, family SES showed no relation to children’s social competence.
7. Regression analyses indicated that family positive emotional expressiveness, inhibitory control of children’s effortful control, children’s gender and age did show significantly prediction to children’s social competence. Family SES was not significant related. All of the variables accounted for 12%~24% variance of children’s the total and scales of social competence.
Based on the findings above, suggestions were made for teachers and parents. Issues for further study were also provided.
Keywords: family emotional expressiveness, effortful control, social competence, young children
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