| Summary: | 碩士 === 淡江大學 === 中國大陸研究所碩士在職專班 === 97 === This article focuses on the operation of travel service conglomerates in the Chinese Mainland as well as their effects on the Chinese politics and economy. Starting with two travel agencies specializing in official reception prior to 1978, the Mainland travel service sector ended up monopoly in 1988 and the number of travel agencies reached 1573 in the same year. With the promulgation of the Administrative Regulations on Travel Agencies in 1996 and the impact of WTO, Chinese travel services began to undergo the trend of conglomeration, which had all kinds of effects on Chinese politics, economy and other aspects.
Researching into the background, process and factors in the conglomeration of Mainland travel services and studying and making comparison between the top three travel service conglomerates: CTS, CITS and CYTS, the author tries to summarize the experience and lessons from the conglomeration of Mainland travel services.
Furthermore, this article also focuses attention to the role of government and the formulation of policies in the course of conglomeration so as to understand the conglomeration model of Mainland travel services, the function of government and the implications of foreign capital. In the summary of this article, the author makes a thorough research into the operation and challenges of Mainland travel service conglomerates to sum up experience and draw necessary lessons as a reference for their future development and Taiwan travel services confronted with fierce competition from their counterparts in the Mainland.
After literature review and case comparison, the author finds out that Mainland travel service conglomerates not only have advantage in industry integration and competition, but have also monopolized some tour projects, which should be taken into consideration by Taiwan operators and government after Mainland conglomerates enter the Taiwan market. In addition, there are also some defects in Mainland travel service conglomerates: (1) Disparity of social benefits due to support to several particular travel services; (2) Lack of professional leadership and compulsory division of travel market; (3) Over-dependence on government and slow market-oriented reform of state-owned travel services, which causes loss of international competitive advantage; (4) Compared with foreign-funded services, lack of brand development consistent with scale development; (5) Failure of innovation under the control of the CPC; (6) Market and credit crisis caused by unhealthy competition; and (7) Lack of the recognition of credit due to the under-developed legal system in the Mainland travel service sector.
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