Research of the Taiwan Rice Technology evolution (Prehistoric ~1950 ages)

• Main Authors: Tsai Cheng-Hao, 蔡承豪
• Other Authors: 溫振華
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2009
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34895s

博士 === 國立臺灣師範大學 === 歷史學系 === 97 === Technology is every method or action created and used by human change or control objective environment. The technical innovation and the transformation must have the corresponding materials standard and the humanities environment, therefore the technology is so-called that best judgment standard of a society its material life standard, is also recognizes the main characterization of ethnic group culture. Paddy rice, one of the three main grain crops in the world, is the most important crops for a long time in Taiwan, proceed to panel study on the industry, in addition to research the process of the internal technology evolution and may take the best illustration behind Taiwan humanities society situation. There are the primary rice seeds in Taiwan, and once had many kinds of rice seeds to introduce uses in cultivating in prehistoric times, causes the management of Taiwan's rice in the beginning then to present multiplex appearances. Prehistoric people use al kinds of implements to be engaged in the rice cultivation and had the seed selection behavior, demonstrated to the specific variety pursue. To aboriginal period which had the writing records, aborigines adopt the cultivation way complies with the natural condition, combine the farm tool of the hoe agriculture state and take the glutinous rice as the central drought resistance variety, proceed to make the rice of management which harvest one time each year. But the modes of business difference in regional Pingpu ethnicities, then presents some kind of region roughly the differentiation. Since the early-17th century, along with a large number of Han people cultivations which had the knowledge system of south China the careful and intensive cultivation rice to plow, brought farm implements and cow animals power of the plow agricultural system's farm, caused the management of Taiwan rice to change the careful and intensive cultivation. Before the mid-18th century, due to related constructs developed still not completely and opened new land the area were by the south mainly, took the late rice of management which harvest one time each year as the center under natural environment's limit, but the rice cultivation system of grew seedlings, transplanted rice seedlings, row management, harvest etc. harvest to plow the system to become the most main taiwan rice technology along with Han people's population superiority. After the mid-18th century to toward gradually two harvests one year, for in accordance to the regional environment's difference, the farmer selected over a thousand kind of varieties, and developed the farming arrangements of aberdeen dialysis method, single-season cultivation method, the direct seeding method, dry sowing method. In addition to develop the agricultural knowledge of peasants' proverb etc. along with long-term interaction with the land, the Han people establish local characteristic agricultural law system gradually among species using, farming technology and the agricultural knowledge. At the Beginning of the 20th century, Japan government in the Meiji year using the improved variety, intensive, fat as the innovation technology of central rice, is imported to Taiwan for Japan's grain demand. Because the the rice technology which Taiwan own originally really developed, therefore in the intensive farming mainly chooses saline election , common yangtianba and actively repellent projects by the farming, the administration, and the mobilization of the police system forces inserting to come in the agricultural law. However, the initial seeds of reform, because the Japanese rice seed is unable in the situation, are defined Indica rice to develop; heavy manuring due to the characteristic of Indica rice can only reward organic fertilizer of the green manure and the compost primarily etc, the demonstration country's compulsion involvement must in accordance to the location situation. Up to 1920 later periods, the dilation of the Japonica rice moved with national forces and affected by market incentives, Taiwan rice seed trend simplification. However, to increase the yield of Japonica rice which have weak natural adaptation but adapt to the japanese taste , the agricultural politics unit promotes intensive measures more active, such as the disinfection, the strip close planting, stubbs crusgalli, the disinsected electrification, driving force of the irrigation, the farmer must revise the farmer season in accordance. The appearance of the rice which have high reactivity on manuria effect, heavy manuring culture may promote massively finally. However , the use of chemical medicament and chemical fertilizer will impact on the environment in the future.