Maximum Power Efficiency Charger IC Design for Solar and Wind Energy Conversion Systems

• Main Authors: Yu-Wei Chen, 陳祐緯
• Other Authors: Yeong-Chau Kuo
• Format: Others
• Language: en_US
• Published: 2009
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30376068017634845140

碩士 === 國立高雄第一科技大學 === 電子與資訊工程研究所 === 97 === Entering 21th century, the soaring price of petroleum is concerned by the universe. Owing to the crisis of energy shortage that is appearing gradually, a lot of energy-conserving products are invented to slow down the energy dissipation. But conserving energy can only extend a little year of petroleum usage; the petroleum will be exhausted eventually. Searching new energy and improving power management technologies have become more and more important. The most common applications of vicarious energies are solar and wind energies, they both can be obtained from nature environment and that are inexhaustible. Owing to the output power of solar and wind energies is affected by outside environment changing, such as temperature, illumination, wind velocity, etc, causing to drop efficiency of the output power. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology can be employed to improve those problems of outside environment; the MPPT algorithms include the Perturbation and Observation method, the Incremental and Conductance method, the Neural Learning method, etc. In this thesis, a novel MPPT algorithm has been developed. Don’t need to sense changes of temperature, illumination and wind velocity from outside environment, but just sense the output voltage and current of solar and wind energies to find directly the maximum power point of solar and wind energies. Then use Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) technology, the controller command is got to compare with the triangle ramp of PWM for converting the control signal to the PWM switching duty. Depending on this algorithm to control the power MOSFETs can achieve the goal of power management and voltage regulation. Owing to rapid development of CMOS technologies, more and more transistors and circuits can be fabricated in a single chip. Consumer electronic products also have been developed rapidly in these years. Power management integrated circuits such as the highly efficient switch-mode DC-DC converters have been invented in these consumer electronic products for raising the power efficiency and lifetime. Nevertheless, the analog control schemes of switching converters have been developed for a long time, and more mature techniques are discussed in the past years. The digital control schemes of switching converters have been discussed by many papers and patents in these recent years. This thesis has introduced two kinds of PWM integrated circuits for the voltage-mode switching DC-DC converters. One is analog pulse-width modulator (APWM), and the other is digital pulse-width modulator (DPWM). The advantages and disadvantages between these two schemes are treated in this thesis. This research subject is focused on solar and wind energies conversion circuit and system that employ MPPT and power management technology to integrate a monolithic charger system. In this system, the analog to digital converter (ADC) act an important role that has been discussed in this thesis. The main structure of analog PWM controller IC concludes two-stage operational amplifier, voltage control oscillator, voltage ramp generator and hysteretic comparator. The main structures of digital PWM controller IC conclude digital pulse-width modulator and analog to digital converter. These three ICs have been fabricated with TSMC 0.35um 2P4M 3.3V/5V Mixed Signal CMOS process through CIC. The chip size of APWM is about 1.48*1.23 mm2. The chip size of DPWM is about 1.484*1.484 mm2. The chip size of ADC is about 1*1 mm2.