Emile Durkneim：An introspection and Analysis of Western Classic Education History

• Main Authors: Chih-kun Hsiao, 蕭志坤
• Other Authors: Chuan-hsiung Tsou
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2008
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67836063178701457129

碩士 === 南華大學 === 教育社會學研究所 === 97 === 　　This study aims to explore the essence of the subject book, The Evolution of Educational Thought written by Durkheim. In this study, the propositions of Durkheim’s view on Western Classic Education in this book were discussed in three aspects, history, curriculum, organization and system of education. The introspection on education issues was resulted in this study. 　 　　The crucial significance of Western Classic Education is to provide the starting point and structure of western education development. Durkheim investigated the western education system, which had been developed over decades of century and issues his study in The Evolution of Educational Thought. In spite of exploring French secondary education, Durkheim’s study included primary education, secondary education and tertiary education essentially. Durkheim explored Western Classic Education entirely and presented the connection and inheritance of different generations’ education in The Evolution of Educational Thought. Readers are able to understand the development of Western Classic Education precisely and utilize its spirits. 　 　　The curriculum of Western Classic Education included seven arts, which had been utilized in ancient society for numerous years. Durkheim inspired us to understand the seven arts are the key of Western Classic Education. The seven arts were divided into three Triviums and four Quadriviums. The three Triviums included Grammar, Rhetoric and Dialectics, which were the elementary subjects. The four Quadriviums included Geometry, Arithmetic, Astronomy and Music, which were the practical education (Realschulen). 　 　　As to the Western Classic Education and the entire western education, the most important organization is Paris University. Durkheim advocated the development of the Paris University was not based on the individual. It was constructed by team’s work and represented the symbol of western education system. Durkheim proposed the center of the Paris University was the arts faculty. Even though it belonged to the elementary education, the Dialectics was the master of knowledge and was emphasized in the arts faculty. 　 　　Eventually, Durkheim’s introspection and criticism of Western Classic Education presents Durkheim’s multiple cultural viewpoints of education and inspires us how to improve our education. This study utilized Durkheim’s education ideas to explore Taiwan present general education and then proposed the practical suggestions for Taiwan general education.