| Summary: | 碩士 === 國防醫學院 === 公共衛生學研究所 === 97 === Background: Previous research has shown nutritional and health benefits of dairy products for all ages, especially school-aged children and elders. However, the relationship between consumption of dairy foods, nutrition and health status in Taiwan is unknown.
Objective: To examine the association between dairy intake, nutrition and health status in 6-12 year old children and adults over the age of 65 years.
Methods: The data were collected in Children Nurition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT Children), 2001-2002 and the Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT Elderly), 1999-2000. The ages of participants were 6-12 years and 65 years. Dairy intakes were assessed using a dietary frequency questionnaire. Nutrient intakes (calcium, vitamin B2) and the quality of the diet, from 24-hr dietary recall, were evaluated with the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), overall dietary index revised (ODIR), diet diversity score, and youth healthy eating index Taiwan (YHEI-TW). Nutrition and health status were evaluated by overweight or obesity, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, abdominal obesity and EGRAC for vitamin B2 (riboflavin). For children, was also used school performance as an indicator of nutrition status.
Results: Dairy intake, nutrition and health status were positively correlated. Ca NAR, VitB2 NAR, MAR, YHEI-TW, ODIR, EGRAC and school performance increased with increasing dairy intake (p<0.001). Higher dairy consumption shows protective effects against overweight and obesity (Odd Ratio < 1, p<0.05), but dairy intake had no effect on the metabolic syndrome in 6-12 year old children. Ca NAR and VitB2 NAR were positively correlated with dairy intake (p<0.001) in elders 65 years or over, however the MAR and ODIR demonstrated a U shape trend with increasing dairy intakes, dairy consumption between once to twice a day had a lower value than those who did not consume dairy. The DDS shows ∩ trend with increasing dairy intake (p<0.001). There was a protective effect against osteoporosis, vitamins B2 and B6 deficiency with increasing dairy intake. A significant protective effect against abdominal obesity (p<0.05) was observed only in elders with dairy intakes more than twice a day.
Conclusion: Dairy consumption has several positive effects on nutrition and health status in Taiwanese children and the elderly.
Key point: Children, Elderly, Nutrient intakes, and Quality of Diet.
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