Hakka and Amis language contact in Hualien

• Main Authors: Chih-i Liao, 廖致苡
• Other Authors: 羅肇錦
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2009
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vx34zj

碩士 === 國立中央大學 === 客家語文研究所 === 97 === In Hualien, it has been a long time since Hakka and Amis people live together and intermarriage with each other. Part of the Hakka can speak the language of Amis, and vice versa, so that we have interest in exploring the contact between both language. In this research, we termed Amis language spoken by Hakka people “Hakka-Amis”, and “Amis-Hakka”, Hakka spoken by Amis. Phonologically, “Amis-Hakka” has three main distinct variation: First, due to the feature that there is no aspirate in Austronesian languages, (Amis is one of which), Amis adjust /ts’/, /p’/, /t’/, /k’/ to be /ts/, /p/, /t/, /k/ when they speak Hakka. Second, mixed usage of the ending in “Amis-Hakka”, /-p/、/-t/、/-k/ confusion for example. Third, “Amis-Hakka” in a sense combines two Hakka sub-dialects: Sisien and Hailu. On the other hand, “ Hakka-Amis” has substitutions for the special consonants in Amis: /l/ for the flap /?/ and /l?(which sounds like 了 “le” or 啦 “la” in Mandarin Chinese) for/-?/. As to lexicon, there are two Amis words in Hualien Hakka language as we examined. Amis [tam?au], which indicates “human” is used both in Sisen and Hailu, and the meaning is extended to “friends”. In Amis, no explicit loan word is discovered in this research, only that there are some “potential loan words” similar in sounds to Hakka. In fact, according to the result of our research, Hakka and Amis have no strong influence on each other, and “language attitude” in Chapter 5 explains why. Lingua Franca and the social status of both peoples are two factors that forms different language attitude which results in little influence between the two languages. Authoritative Mandarin Chinese and Min dialect (so-called “Taiwanese”) become much more popular in Hualien; on the contrast, languages of Hakka and Amis are nearly endangered. Hakka and Amis have a hard time protecting their mother language, not to say “Amis-Hakka”and “Hakka-Amis”, which are “second language” separately to Amis and Hakka. Consequently, seldom phenomenon of language contact is seen. Nevertheless, this research aims to provide a complete record of “Amis-Hakka” and “Hakka-Amis”, expecting to be an important document showing the evidence of language contact in Hualien.