| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立暨南國際大學 === 比較教育學系 === 97 === Abstract
According to OECD report, a country can only totally replace among generation, only if each women fertility rate has to be up to more than 2.1 people. However, the economy growth, the accumulation of wealth, the emergence of urbanization, and a new line of the doctrines of women, which make global fertility rate at unprecedentedly low level. Falling population of children phenomenon is very common among developed countries. The birth rate in Taiwan had already declined to “1.24“ in 2003, which imply Taiwan has to face the impact of falling population of children. It will have a negative effect on the education industry and national overall development. Therefore, our government agenda has regarded this issue as potential crisis to national security and add it into “National security report”.
In Japan, the lowest birth rate of 1.57 was in 1989. Japanese government began alert, thus actively exploring the factors of decline population year by year, and proposed countermeasures to meet the child care needs for parents in order to raise the birth rate. To address falling population of children issues, this paper aims at Taiwanese and Japanese child care policy analysis since 1989. There are four points to indicate: Firstly, the child care policy development of Taiwan and Japan; secondly, analysis on the parent's demand for child care in Taiwan and Japan; thirdly, discussion between Taiwan and Japan in the light of child care policy toward falling population of children; fourthly, developing feasible proposals for future reform and development in term of child care policy to Taiwanese authorities.
There are five suggestions base on the analysis of this dissertation. First, the government should set up a sound consultation system to child care access. Next, the government should develop systematic policy to child care industry and set up an administration or a department to be responsible for child care policy. Third, the government should set up a multi-dimensional, convenient and easy child care system to parents or guardians. Fourth, the government should integrate education between carers and teachers and guarantee a good welfare to child carers and teachers. Last, the government should set up administrative and monitoring system to all child care providers, increase social welfare benefit budget to child care industry gradually as well as promote the family value.
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