| Summary: | 博士 === 國立成功大學 === 建築學系碩博士班 === 97 === House types generate unanimous but diversified forms. This study, with a coding system, analyzed the generations of Malay houses in Peninsula Malaysia and generalized a typological rule system. The rule system can describe all cases of Malay houses. The generative analysis of the rule system will discover the potentials of the differing types of Malay houses.
The typical Malay house type is a house group developed from the main house for the use of one family. Based on the archetype of a stilt house, two basic types of Malay houses, Serambi-house and Jemuran-house, were found, and so were the generative phenomenon of architectural void and solid, and a large amount of house cases. Generative analysis proceeded with a coding system from archetypes to house cases.
Generative analysis was made by a coding system, which included spatial coding, house grouping coding and construction coding. The coding system clarified the constructive elements and constructive relations among elements, and helped build a serious descriptive language, convenient for the generative writing and computation.
By looking at the analysis with the coding system, the spatial layout of the Serambi-house was known as alignment from front to back, and that of the Jemuran-house as juxtaposition from left side to right side. The constructive relations of house grouping, main house, sub-house and encroachments, were attached, excluded, and adjacent. The construction system of Malay houses was composed of houses and encroached construction. House construction could be understood as bridge construction and box construction which developed into six supporting systems. Four encroached constructions, which were the encroached semi-house, encroached house, encroached corridor, and encroached platform, developed into 21 kinds of encroached constructions which extended the house scale and connected the house grouping.
Every house case was encoded into house grouping, space, and construction. Besides the encoded constructive elements and relations, other important data of the house cases were listed separately as specifiers. All of the encoded Malay house cases were then classified into nine groups, of which the house cases contained the same coding with tiny differences. A typological rule system was generalized from the coding of nine Malay house groups.
The typological rule system included four main rules:
1. “Rule of Space” contained “Rule of Serambi-house space” and “Rule of Jemuran-house space”. 2. “Rule of the Formation of Main house” contained “Rule of House with Encroachment”, “Rule of Adjacent Multi-house”, and “Rule of 90o-angle-turned House”. 3. “Rule of House Grouping” contained “Rule of Exclusion”, “Rule of Adjacency”, and “Rule of Attachment”. 4. “Rule of Construction” contained “Rule of House Construction” and “Rule of Encroachment Construction”.
The local style of house types in different regions may be presented by a set of typological rules, which include Rule 1 to Rule 4. The typological rule system can also concisely describe the whole family of Malay house types in Peninsula Malaysia.
The typological rule system was a generative mechanism with a growing potential. The rule of house grouping, through potential release, was deconstructed and reconstructed to reveal the containment of Malay house types, which could produce large amounts of new house groupings and new spatial layouts. The rule of construction, through transformation of the rules, was analyzed to discover the potential and limitation of house and encroachment constructions.
Generation was an internal mechanism, with which a house type could generate limitless possibilities. Evolution was an external selection, which selected all the generated possibilities. Evolution was driven by adaptability, related to the factors of society, culture, geography, climate, etc. This study has observed a complete evolution of Malay house types in Negeri Sembilan, as well as an incomplete evolution in Kelantan. Generative capability and construction were found to be the typological genes of house types in this study.
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