| Summary: | 碩士 === 中華醫事科技大學 === 生物安全衛生研究所 === 97 === The ratio of breathing volume to body weight for children is 50% greater than the adults, and the immunity of children is worse than adults due to the growth of child is not yet improved. However, children spend about 40% every day staying in day-care center, the indoor air quality is therefore become an important concern on the health of children. In this study, the indoor air quality in day-care center was investigated and intervention methods to improve day-care center environment was proposed.
Environmental parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, noise, illuminance, air ventilation, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone, total volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, particulate matter, bioaerosol) in the day-care center were measured by different direct-reading instruments and portable bioaerosol sampler to compare with the Indoor Air Quality Standards of Taiwan (IAQST). The water activity, surface microorganisms of building materials and I/O ratio were also evaluated at the same time to investigate the origins of different indoor contaminants.
It was found that carbon dioxide, particulate matter and bioaerosol are main problem in day-care center. The I/O ratios showed that carbon dioxide and bacteria are originated from indoor, particulate matter and fungus are both originated from indoor and outdoor. The dominant species of fungus are Penicillium, Cladosporium and Aspergillus, and size distribution ranges between 2.1 and 3.3 µm. The dominant species of bacteria are Glucose-Non-Fermentation and Micrococcus, and size distribution of the bioaerosols are 0.65 to 1.1 µm and 2.1~3.3 µm respectively. The water activity of building materials was higher than normal level and easily breeds microorganisms. The results of portable and surface bioaerosol sampling near bathroom and its vicinity was found exist high level concentration. Therefore, the building material and bathroom are the main pollutant sources of bioaerosol in the day-care center.
For pollution source, it was also found that cleaning improved concentration of bacteria, and air disinfection was an useful control method to both fungus and bacteria. As to the transmission control, air cleaner suppressed the particulate matter and bioaerosol, and ventilation apparently improved the concentration of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, particulate matter as well as bioaerosol.
Based on the finding in this study, the systematic strategy to improve the indoor air quality was proposed according to the pollution characteristic of indoor and outdoor. The results could be applied to the indoor air quality control in the future.
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