| Summary: | 博士 === 國立中正大學 === 國際經濟所 === 97 === This paper includes three chapters. The purpose of the chapter 2 is to explore the effects of network externalities and external economies of scale on prices, quantities, and profits in monopoly of soft and hard, and on consumer surplus and social welfares. The purpose of chapter 3 is to explore the effects of network externalities of online game on prices, quantities, profits of online game in the first and second period, and on total profits of two periods. The purpose of chapter 4 is to explore network externalities and external economies of scale on prices of soft and hard, quantities of soft and hard, profits of soft and hard for the domestic firms and the foreign firms, and on the domestic social welfares.
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