| Summary: | 博士 === 國立中正大學 === 犯罪防治所 === 97 === The phenomenon of maritime violence has come all the way with human being ,and has never faded away. The ocean is not the end point of criminal behavior ,but rather the new stretching frontier. To develop a maritime nation is the goal of this government ,and violent crime at sea counteracts the progress of a maritime nation. This paper explores the underlying factors of such heinous violent crime, and demonstrates the preventive strategies to reduce such maritime violence.
To achieve above goal, the quantitative and qualitative research method is introduced. In the quantitative research method, data is collected from Taiwanese court cases from 1985 to 2008. A total of 141 maritime violent cases matches the research criterion. After processing and analyzing the data by Chi-square test, multivariate analysis “Quantification Method of the Second Type” ,and “Rough Set Theory”, the following influential factors such as basic factors ,severity factors ,and violent type factors are obtained. In the qualitative research method, semi-structured nonstandardized interview is conducted. A total of 15 offenders, victims ,law enforcement officers ,and senior seafarers in three typical violent cases was interviewed to discover the antecedent factors, precipitating factors, and the factors of interpretation of situation.
According to the quantitative and qualitative research, the following results are obtained:
1.Among 21 variables, there are 9 variables relate to the severity variable of violence. This study employed the “Quantification Method of the Second Type” to determine what factors discriminate between the death, injury, and property loss cases. The order of importance of the factors is nationality ,motivation, harborage of the boat ,position in the boat ,boat tonnage , geographic location of the assault ,fall to the sea ,instrument of the offence ,duration of navigation. The 9 variables constitute a discrimination model and a relatively high 80.85% positive identification rate is derived.
2.By the implementation of “Rough Set Theory” , 7 core factors with 24 core attributes in the 5 types of maritime violence are obtained. They are severity of the assault, season, motivation, geographic location of the assault, boat tonnage, accomplice, time of the offence. The accuracy of the classification quality is 100%.
3.According to interviewing with three typical violent cases, the antecedent factors of the maritime violence are cognition distortion, frustration-aggression behavior, cultural conflict, and improper social learning. The precipitating factors are alcohol abuse, motion sickness, duration of navigation, and toxic work environment. As for the factors of interpretation of situation, they are misinterpretation of situation and unwholesome mutual interaction.
After completing the analysis, the preventive strategies are proposed as follow:
From the seafarer aspect, careful selection of the crew, improvement of management techniques among officers and crew, the implementation of situational crime prevention, and reducing the detriment of cultural conflict are important. From the social aspect, appropriate training of the crew, intervention of social work system, supplementation of fishing manpower, and fostering transnational cultural are essential. As for the law enforcement aspect, the international cooperation of criminal justice system, strengthening of law enforcement at sea, establishment of crisis management, and management of manpower commission merchant are necessary.
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