| Summary: | 博士 === 中國文化大學 === 中山學術研究所 === 96 === This thesis seeks to define five kinds of ideologies supported by Taiwanese people, namely, Chinese Nationalism, Socialism, Social Democracy, Anarchism and Communism. Especially, this study focuses on those who led the Taiwan Cultural Association in the period from 1921-1931, with the purpose to analyze the relationship between the ideologies and social movements led by them. During the 1920’s, the Governor-General Office of Taiwan (臺灣總督府 Taiwan Sōtokufu) even regarded Chinese Nationalism as “calamity” and “dangerous thought”. It was natural that the other four doctrines had been banned completely. The Taiwanese people, however, never found these thoughts as a “heresy”, but insisting that they were dynamic foundations to pursue equality and justice. By analyzing each thought’s spectrum, the Taiwanese Cultural Association gradually shifted its stand from the right, Chinese Nationalism, to the development of the left. When some of the members finally accepted Communist ideology, social movements started to occur. The core of this study is on The Taiwan Cultural Association’s political development process after the first shifting of ideology. During the shifting, the Taiwanese leaders’ ideology, originally of Chinese nationalism, was divided into the five thoughts by the following stages, namely, formation of Chinese Nationalism, development of Socialism, strengthening of leading role of Social Democracy, fading-away of Anarchism and rising and falling situation of Communism. Meanwhile, this thesis also observes at social movements and the leftists’ cultural movement when various ideologies and social and leftist’s cultural movement started to develop.
The following three points are my major findings and suggestion.
First, the Taiwanese Cultural Association leaders applied five kinds of thoughts as weapon to counterattack Japanese colonial rule, while proved the situation that “where oppression occurs, there comes opposition.” Variety of political thoughts and its huge influences during the 1920’s showed that Taiwanese people’s political wisdom had already developed under the Japanese rule and obtained concrete results from time to time.
Second, the thesis analyzes how the five kinds of thoughts were born, developing and failing to exist. The close competition between the five political thoughts -- Chinese Nationalism of Lin Xian-Tang and Jiang Wei-Shui, Socialism of Peng Hua Ying, Social Democracy of Lian Wen-Qin, Anarchism of Chen Kan and Communism of Wen Ming-Chuan, Xie Xue Hong and Wang Wan-De became the spearhead to lead anti-colonialism and social movements.
Third, for the historical analyses, the materials of ‘Ming Ri’ (明日) magazine is my major source of study which supports my discussion of Anarchism. This thesis also uses some viewpoints taken from “Na Pu”(納普) magazine, published by Senki Sha (戰旗社) in Japan. Both materials are valuable to support my analysis in the thesis on Communism.
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