| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣師範大學 === 政治學研究所 === 96 === For a long time, the western scholars have different perspectives on the topic-“Is Mao Tse-tung a follower of Marxism or not ?”All these studies could be classified to four sects: Liberalism, Utopianism, Left and Conservatism. These theories have different viewpoints, and result different conclusions. Therefore, in this research, it especially analyses these theories and compares Marx’s, Lenin’s and Mao’s opinions on class, party, and nation state. And the researcher tries to raise a comprehensive version.
After analyzing these viewpoints and comparing their doctrines, the author finds that Mao is a Marxist. The reasons are as follows:
Both Marx and Mao emphasize the importance of class and consider that class struggle could promote the development of history. Both of them believe that the communist party could push the coming of communistic society. They also assert that nation state is the tool for class oppression, and wish that the nation state will wither one day. And they also consider that there should be a transition, dictatorship of the proletariat, between socialist society and communistic society to strengthen fruit of revolution.
Besides, as above mentioned, there are some differences between Marx and Mao, such as class consciousness and dictatorship. But the writer thinks that these differences are still under the framework of Marxism, these are not the alteration of Mao’s arbitrariness.
In the meantime, we can more firmly believe that Lenin is the bridge between Marx and Mao. In researching the relationship between Marxism and Maoism, there would be a logical leap without analyzing Leninism. In this way, we can’t explain why Mao altered Marxism. Mao’s some conception came from Lenin, such as mass line and nationalism. Therefore, the author also analyzes Leninism at the same time, and jointly calls Marxism and Leninism as Marxism-Leninism.
Finally, the author feels that there are some aspects in this research to much deeper study: in totality analyzing Marxism, Leninism and Maoism; in depth analyzing their opinion on class, party, or nation state; using historic approach to find out why they could create their doctrines; using psychological approach to find out what they think; using system theory to explain why Mao altered Marxism-Leninism.
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