| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺中教育大學 === 教育測驗統計研究所 === 97 === Starting from 2000, the Programme on International Student Assessment (PISA) is held by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for the 15-year-old every three years. The sample includes over 270,000 participants of 41 countries in the PISA 2003 database aimed at evaluating mathematics and problem-solving ability. Most of the studies on the database are analyses of descriptive statistics; however, the database has the characteristics of hierarchical properties. It is necessary to use hierarchical linear model (HLM) of two levels to analyze the relation between the variables of students and countries.
The unit in level-1 is students. The variables belonging to the level-1 are the score of mathematics cognition, the time studying mathematics homework outside the regular mathematics classes, self efficacy in mathematics classes, and the situation in mathematics classes. As to the level-2, the unit is countries and the variables are Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Growth Competitiveness Index (GCI), Networked Readiness Index (NRI), Education Index (EI) and the class size from the official organization databases. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the PISA 2003 database by HLM of two levels analysis and to provide some suggestions in education and recommendations for future research.
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