Study on the Biology of the Polymorph Swallowtail,Papilio memnon heronus Fruhstorfer

• Main Authors: Tu, Wen-Hsien, 塗文賢
• Other Authors: Chen, Su-Chiung
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2008
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11993588029126735345

碩士 === 國立宜蘭大學 === 園藝學系碩士班 === 96 === The thesis was performed to research the basic biological data of Papilio memon heronus Fruhstorfer, including its external morphological description, performance of immatures on four host plants, leaf consumption of each larval instar and female oviposition preference. The effect of temperature on larval development was studied. Eggs of P. memon heronus were collected from the host plant in the screenhouse and placed in the growth chamber with conditions of 25℃, 80±5% RH, and in a photoperiodism of 14 hr light and 10 hr dark. The newly hatching larvae were individually reared on leaves of Citrus sunki Hort. for observations of the morphology. Furthermore, hatching larvae were individually reared on leaves of four Citrus spp. host plants, C. mibrocarpa, C. sunki, C. limon and C. grandis. Results indicated that the highest survival rate from egg to adult were 66.7% on C. limon. The shortest time required for first instar larvae to become adult were 34.73±0.07 days by feeding on C. sunki. Corresponsively, the longest were 46.92±1.49 days on C. grandis. Moreover, fresh eggs were placed at various temperatures in the transparent plastic box, and the hatching larvae were reared on leaves of C. limon individually. An observation series of the P. memon heronus development was conducted. The data showed that no eggs hatched at 35℃ and the highest hatching rate was 54% IV at 20℃. At various temperatures, the longest duration was found at 20℃ and the shortest at 30℃. The duration at 20℃ was 2.6-fold longer than that at 30℃. Duration in days of life stages decreased as the temperature rised from 15 to 30℃, and the development rates of the various life stages and rearing temperatures were correlated by linear regression. The low temperature thresholds for the development of eggs, larvae, pupa and from eggs to adults were respectively estimated to be 11.37, 13.01, 15.61, and 13.65℃. The accumulative effective temperatures of eggs, larvae, and pupa were 70.19, 376.78, and 140.16 degree-days respectively. It required 530.45 degree-days for the development from egg to adult. The sex ratio of adults were all 1:1 neither different host plants nor various temperatures. The leaf consumption of each instar was calculated. Leaf consumption of whole larvae stage at 25℃ by feeding on leaves of C. limon was 403.09±19.59 ㎝2. The female rather oviposites on leaves of C. limon than three on other host plants. The results could provide information for leisure agriculture, sightseeing butterfly greenhouse, educational materials and the mass production of this butterfly