Companionship and Friendship:The research in communicative action of Han-Wei scholars

• Main Authors: Yu-lin Chang, 張瑀琳
• Other Authors: Chien－Chun Chiang
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2008
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37263095479062256666

碩士 === 國立成功大學 === 中國文學系碩博士班 === 96 === This thesis discusses how officialdom interacted from the late Eastern Han dynasty to the Dong Jin dynasty to see whether fits to what Mr. Mou Zong San said, “it is a process of branching which opposite to the Confucianism.” The first chapter is an introduction explaining the motivation of this thesis and the research result. The second chapter discusses the concept of” companionship” and “friendship” before the Eastern Han dynasty. In a word, “companionship” was self-indulgence, and “friendship”was ethics which became officialdom’s points of view on friends. Hence, the general prevalence of the officialdoms’ interaction in terms of companionship after the “Eastern Han Dang Gu” became what those passionate scholars wanted to blame. Until Wei Jin Dynasty, under the great changing environment of politics and mainstream of thinking, officialdoms never again took the examples of the Eastern Han“Confucianism the most respected school” or “to praise moral and integrity.” Instead, they paid more attention to individual temperance and talents. Therefore, Wei Jin officialdoms were becoming “scholar” different from previous officialdoms’ characteristics. This transition also influenced their perspective of “companionship” and “friendship.” As to “companionship”, clique was never criticized by scholars, and group associations became the main form of interaction between scholars. Besides political cliques, it took shape pedigree group, literature group and an idle talk group, which broadened the range of companionship. This thesis calls this as “the type companionship.” As to “friendship”, making friends with helpful friends was not believed by scholar anymore. Except morality, they regarded affection as more important and then come into fraternity, split-up and feud relationship, thus thesis calls them as “affection friendship”. In which, split-up and feud relationships are much more special called “backing friendship’. Their friendship begun as glorious but with pity ending, scholars persisted in affections, so when their friends didn’t live up to their expectation, there still have some unusual people with unusual need. We must pay attraction to the phenomenon of the positive and negative of affections. The communicative action of Wei Jin scholars didn’t see morality as a criterion. But it doesn’t mean they ignore morality. Instead it means when they find the relationship between self and group-self relation, the morality becomes a supporting role. Just when morality is the only basis, people are able to have more possibilities and chances to discover themselves. And only in the Wei Jin dynasty could make“ companionship” and “friendship” a new sight.