| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 植物病理學系所 === 96 === Nematophagous fungi are characterized by absorbing nutrients from nematodes. In a survey of nematophagous fungi from Taiwan, soil samples were collected from various habitats to conduct the isolation. Twenty species were recognized, including 14 predatory species, Arthrobotrys amerospora, A. brochopaga, A. dactyloides, A. javanica, A. musiformis, A. oligospora, A. superba, Monacrosporium asthenopagum, M. ellipsosporum, M. eudermatum, M. gephyropagum, M. haptotylum, M. lysipagum and M. thaumasium, and 6 endoparasitic species, Catenaria anguillulae, Drechmeria coniospora, Harposporium anguillulae, H. bysmatosporum, H. leptospira, Lagenidium caudatum. Among these species, A. amerospora, A. javanica, M. asthenopagum, M. thaumasium, H. bysmatosporum, H. leptospira and L. caudatum are new records in Taiwan. Isolates of species were induced to produce trapping or infecting structures on culture media. Complete illustrations with all the discernible characters were established for the species obtained. Phylogenetic trees were constricted for predatory and endoparasitic species respectively, based on DNA sequences from isolates in this study and database of Genbank. The taxonomic status, species relatedness, and character evolution were interpreted through comparison between morphology and molecular evidence. Trapping devices of predatory species were phylogenetic informative, but isolates producing adhesive traps were separated in two clades, suggesting that classification of predatory species entirely relying on the types of traps is inadequate. Endoparasitic species can be successfully separated into two clades, coinciding with their methods of parasitism, one being the ingestion spores, the other being the adhesive spores.
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