Analysis of Periodontal Pathogens in Taiwan

• Main Authors: Yen-Hua Lin, 林姸華
• Other Authors: Chern-Hsiung Lai
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92719745168765291232

碩士 === 高雄醫學大學 === 牙醫學研究所 === 96 === Backgrounds: Composition of microbiota in dental plaque may differ from geographical regions. Currently, there is little information available regarding periodontal pathogen profile for Taiwan individuals. This study focused on the investigation of the composition of periodontal pathogens in Taiwan subjects with chronic periodontitis. Objectives: 1. To compare the proportions and prevalences of both supragingival and subgingival plaque in chronic periodontitis site and plaque samples from mild gingivitis. Periodontal pathogens for this study were targeted on Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis), Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia; previously Tannerella forsythensis or Bacteroides forsythus), Treponema denticola(T.denticola),Eikenella corrodens (E. corrodens), Campylobacter rectus (C. rectus; previously Wollinella recta), Prevotella intermedia(P. intermedia),Prevotella nigrescens (P. nigrescens). 2. To determine the correlation coefficient between the proportion of each tested periodontal pathogen and clinical parameters including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI). 3.To define the sensitivity and specificity of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IF) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of the targeted periodontal pathogens. Material and Methods: A total of 51 subjects with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were recruited. Supra and/or subgingival plaque samples were collected from sites with chronic periodontitis and mild gingivitis. The targeted pathogens were detected by both IF and PCR. The statistical analysis was performed by ANCOVA, Chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression test. Results: Proportions of targeted species were significantly different among sites (p<0.05). Subgingival proportions of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia,T. denticola, C. rectus were highest as compared to supragingival of chronic periodontitis and mild gingivitis sites (8.50, 3.00, 3.82 and 0.84% respectively). In contrast to above pathogens, elevated proportions of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens were noted in supragingival periodontitis area as compared to subgingival (3.22 and 4.18% respectively).Proportion of E. corrodens was higher in gingivitis site as compared to periodontitis both in supra and subgingival site (1.12%). Based on IF results, frequency of E. corrodens and C.rectus were 92.16 and 98.04% respectively. All other targeted species occurred 100% in subgingival periodontitis site. With the exception of T. forsythia and P. nigrescens, the agreement between both PCR and IF was about 73.57~83.57%. When PCR was used as the reference, the sensitivity of IF was 77.34~100.00%. Specificity was 33.33%. On the other hand, when IF was used as the reference, the sensitivity of PCR was≥81.45%,except for T. forsythia and P.nigrescens. The specificity of most tested periodontal pathogens was ≤50.00%. However, T. forsythia and P. intermedia had 100% specificity.The proportions of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola,P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, C. rectus were all in positive correlation with PD, CAL, PI and GI.However, E. corrodens had negative correlation with PD, CAL and GI.The proportion of E. corrodens and age was analyzed by simple linear regression. The result showed that the proportion of E. corrodens was decreased when the age increased. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that P. gingivalis, T.forsythia,T. denticola, C. rectus, P. intermedia, P.nigrescens were the major periodontal pathogens for adult chronic periodontitis in Taiwan.It was worthwhile to note that the proportions of P.intermedia and P.nigrescens were higher in supragingival than subgingival periodontitis site.The proportion of P.gingivalis, T.forsythia, T.denticola, C. rectus,P.intermedia, P.nigrescens were in positive correlation with alveolar bone loss and gingival inflammation in chronic periodontitis.According to other literatures, E. corrodens had positive relationship with juvenile periodontitis. Our study further indicated that it had less correlation with adult periodontitis. Although most other periodontal pathogens had nearly 80% of agreement between IF and PCR, it was lower in T. forsythia and P. nigrescens. This study suggests that it is wisely to use multiple detection methods for clinical diagnosis of specific periodontal pathogens.