| Summary: | 碩士 === 中原大學 === 資訊管理研究所 === 96 === In recent years, numerous countries have actively invested in reducing
international digital divide and bringing information technology into developing
countries for a swift operation of using information system. Nevertheless, for a
successful practice of information system in the organizations of the developing
countries, the importance of implementing an information system is essential. During
the process of implementing the information system, training is especially critical for
the success of this process.
Under the circumstances with poor information infrastructure in the developing
countries and limited information training, how to effectively and successfully
implement an information system, have appropriate training, apply information system
in organization and institutions, have become crucial and key research subjects in a joint
effort by many countries to reduce international digital divide in the developing
countries.
The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand the implementation and
training of information system, manpower disposition, measures and steps, difficulties
and resolution, and performance evaluation in the developing countries through research
method of case study. It is anticipated that research findings may provide an important
reference for the administrators who work on information system implementation and
training. After case analysis, conclusions of this study are summarizes as follows:
1. System implementation
1) Manpower organization stage:
‧ Organize manpower for the project: In case of insufficient information
infrastructure, resource, and talents in the developing countries, nations with
experiences of reducing international digital divide or digital advantages may be
invited. By adopting a cross-country organizational cooperation model, joint
participation of NGO team in a cooperation project of implementing the
information system may take advantage of resources from every individual
organization, which is helpful in system implementation.
‧ Analysis of project objective: Due to insufficient information resources during
system implementation in the developing countries, joint efforts from resources
of international organization for system implementation project are essential.
Thus, for improving communication of international teams, project teams shall
have language experts for international communication and cooperation.
‧ Hiring of project staff: Due to digital divide in the developing countries,
information technology experts are needed locally for the implementation
project. Hence, overseas information technology experts may be recruited to
participate in system implementation project. By signing a contract, job
security and stability of overseas manpower may be increased. Additional
bonus for overseas staff may be granted for the hardship living abroad so as to
increase their intention to work outside of their homeland.
2) Analysis of project needs stage: Due to various customs in every country, project
teams shall learn to accommodate to local cultures and values; by closely contacting
with local NGO, it is helpful for project analysis.
3) System analysis and testing stage:
‧ System analysis: In order to meet the standard of local system, since
international information technology staff may lack professional knowledge in
medicine, they could cooperate with local NGO organization and staff with
background in medicine for the design of system function. The collaboration
of both may be beneficial in system analysis.
‧ System testing: Due to digital divide in the developing countries, employees
may be invited to participate in system testing for increasing the opportunities
for them to use the information system; system procedure may also be tested to
see whether it meets local needs.
4) Training stage: Since people in the developing countries have fewer information
technology experiences, most employees learn system operation through training.
Hence, quality of training will affect the performance of system implementation.
5) System implementation stage:
‧ Acceptance of system implementation: Due to serious digital divide in the
developing countries, information technology is a brand new skill in those
countries. Thus, the “novelty” of information technology may help improving
system acceptance by “unit” and “employee”.
‧ Initial evaluation after system implementation: In order to evaluate the initial
performance after system implementation, system satisfaction questionnaire may
be used to understand users’ system acceptance, whether the system is
easy-to-use and beneficial for the job, users’ attitude, intention and degree of
satisfaction, quality of system operation for a comprehensive evaluation.
2. Training
1) Manpower organization stage: Due to serious digital divide, qualified teaching
staff may not be available in the developing countries. By adopting international
cooperation model, professional staff may be searched from college volunteers who
specialize in the field in the developed countries. A joint effort by volunteer workers
and local medical NGO organization can combine information technology and medical
profession to help the preparation and administration of training.
2) Planning the needs stage:
‧ For a smooth and successful training, project team must collect information
concerning local customs, cultures and values; effective monitoring of local
culture and important measures in training through close contact with local NGO
organization is beneficial for the preparation of training.
‧ During training in the developing countries, teaching staff from overseas shall
fully prepare teaching elements. Considering factors of geographic
environment, communication contact through internet and local NGO
organization for further information may help reducing cost for teaching
preparation.
‧ Training teaching staff from overseas shall be well-prepared in language
communication ability.
‧ Due to staff shortage of training in the developing countries, teaching faculty
from overseas shall have interactive understanding and familiarity of the teaching
contents so that every teaching staff may fully function to assist the
administration of training.
3) Teaching practice stage:
‧ Due to digital divide in training in the developing countries, teaching staff shall
pay more attention in teaching methods in order to improve the results of training
for a more functional system such as “objective-operational”, “simulations,
“combination of roles”, and “competition” to obtain the best teaching results.
‧ Due to limited time and manpower in training, problems happened during the
process need to be resolved and improved; immediate adjustment of training
contents will effectively improve performance of training.
4) Evaluation stage: Various evaluation models are used to confirm that objectives
in every stage are accomplished for quality of the training.
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