| Summary: | 碩士 === 淡江大學 === 會計學系碩士在職專班 === 95 === This purpose of this research investigates the displayed phenomenon, patterns, and behavior due to the Earnings Management practices implemented by the native-owned banks in Taiwan.
In this research, first, we apply the Pooled cross-sectional Distribution Approach (developed by Burgstahler & Dichev(1997) and Degeorg, Patel & Zeckhauser(1999) as well as others) to the data of earnings and changes in earnings by constructing histograms as graphical tools and performing statistical inference tests such as z- and t-tests to examine the “earnings-losses avoidance” and “earnings-decreases avoidance” activities in order to detect the existence of Earnings Management practices exercised by the native-owned banks in Taiwan. Secondly, we further conduct a study to see if the detected Earnings Management practices were influenced by the economical factors such as business cycles, asset sizes, capital adequacy, and on-credit trading. Lastly, we shall perform a multiple regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the after-tax profits and various discretionary factors such as the total amount of loans, interest receivables, loans in arrear, allowance for bad debt, and preserves. The five discretionary factors are carefully selected into the regression model through a fairly comprehensive review of research literature and government regulations.
This research is based on a sample of size 330 by including thirty-four Taiwan’s publicly-traded, citizen-owned banks whose financial statement data are available from TEJ (Taiwan Economics Journal) database for the 10-year period from 1995 to 2004. It is noted here that the sample was finalized after deletions of few incomplete data.
The findings of our research are summarized as follows:
1.The native-owned banks in Taiwan did practice Earnings Management activities for the avoidance of “earnings losses” and “earnings decreases” for the period from 1995 to 2004. It was also observed that the activities for the former type of avoidance were more rampant than those for the latter;
2.The banks with small positive earnings or small earnings increases are more likely to exercise Earnings Management than those with small negative earnings or small earnings decreases;
3.The degree and types of Earnings Management activities exercised by the banks under study are significantly influenced by the asset size and on-credit trading;
4.The exercise of Earnings Management for the “earnings-decreases avoidance” by the banks under study is shown significantly affected by the economical factors such as business cycles, asset sizes, capital adequacy, and on-credit trading;
5.We find that the five Earnings Management discretionary factors: total amount of loans, interest receivables, loans in arrear, allowance for bad debt, and preserves are significantly correlated with after-tax profits. More specifically, it has been shown that the after-tax profits are positively correlated with the three factors: total amount of loans, interest receivables, and allowance for bad debt and are negatively correlated with the other two factors: the loans in arrear and preserves. The obtained regression model indicates that it has a 50.89% explanatory power of earnings using the five specified discretionary factors.
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