| Summary: | 碩士 === 中國文化大學 === 俄國語文學研究所 === 95 === Dostoevsky is considered the philosopher of the Russian people. А.З.Штейнберг made the following remark to define the relationship between Dostoevsky and Russia: “To understand Russia, one must experience the Russia under Dostoevsky’s pen; once you understand Dostoevsky, you understand Russia.”
В.С.Соловьев (Vladimir Solovyov) described the thought of a writer as: “Between God and a complete man there is Christianity and God must fully exist in the body of this complete man.” The concept here that needs further explanation is the “man” created by a writer has to maintain the “sparkle” in his undying soul and this sparkle can be found in the soul of even the vilest and the darkest human being.
Dostoevsky's tenacity about man can be understood in his determination to “find humanity in man.” This determination had resulted in the unique and rich humanitarian spirit that can be detected in his works. He was convinced that in the soul of every man, even that of the most wicked and sinful ones, the so-called “God's sparkle” could be found. He was therefore absolutely confident in a man's final choice between the good and the evil.
In her analysis of the Russian literary works, Н.В.Кулибина particularly chose words like awe and fear to explain: “In the realm of semantics, other languages only convey human emotions (or moods) as words suggest on the surface; yet in Russian, the same words, whether judging from the surrounding realities or historic roots, bear a uniqueness that is Russian alone.” With the help of these words, we are therefore able to have a firmer grasp of the life of differet eras.
Dostoevsky's novels indeed carry this uniqueness. Д.С.Лихачев stated: In Dostoevsky's works, the worlds surrounding his protagonists, be it the human crowds, the natural conditions or the envoronments, contain an unthinkable “sense of shock.” The key words (Ключевые слова) form the foundation of the most important ideas of each novel. They ingeniously weave through the story line at a characteristically high frequency. Just as Е.Вольф pointed out: Key words can develop the microstructure as well as extend or compress the density of the story. They have the function of infiltrating through the entire literary work, create different schemes by way of semantic duplication, and concretize repeated semantic ideas throughout the story. Permanant semantic definitions are often developed in correspondence with the “vocabulary” and are directly linked to the author's intention. In his attempt to present reality in its maximum value, while making sure the practicality of the semantics and exact conveyance of the message, Dostoevsky adopted words with precise semantic definitions.
From the analysis, the connection between the order and the frequency of words in the author’s choice of vocabulary is obvious. In the narrow context, the author uses at high frequency words with precise semantic definitions such as pain, disease and fear. The application of these words with comprehensive meanings (emotions and situations) can help expand literary ideas, achieve the plot function, and guide readers to see clearly how the essence of crime begins to induce negative emotions and experience the emotions Raskolnikov perceives.
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