| Summary: | 博士 === 中國文化大學 === 地學研究所 === 95 === This paper investigated the formation, evolution and expansion of settlements in Kaohsiung City between the Dutch age and the National Government Regime in terms of 4 time and spatial pivots from a geographic viewpoint, and examined the interactive development of settlements in Kaohsiung Port and Kaohsiung City. Data collected from literature review and field investigations were analyzed with statistical techniques, computer charting and map analysis to present a clearer picture of the development, expansion and interactive development of settlements in Kaohsiung City and Kaohsiung Port. The findings indicated that:
The initial Dutch settlement in Kaohsiung was in Yancheng－So, which was inside what is today City and the final one was to the northwest of the city during the Dutch age before the Qing Period. The former was the result of port trade and the latter was formed by immigrant cultivation. There were settlements connecting with port trade when the city was formed, and they became the focus of regional development.
The number of settlements increased to 12 as a result of the military village policy in the Ming-Zheng age. Most were located in the city’s north and the focus of district development. Immigrants were the driving force of settlement expansion.
The number of settlements increased to20 when an increasing number of immigrants came during the Qing Period (1683-1735). This also reactivated the city’s trading function and shifted the focus of district development to Fongshan Jhuang in southern Kaohsiung. In 1736-1895, port trade, transportation and the Caogong Canal promoted settlement expansion to 81, with the most and the biggest located in Fongshan Jhuang.
Kaohsiung Port was expanded 3 times during the Japanese Colonial Era to improve the port trade functions and benefit the port area. Three city plans were announced when many people flooded into the area. The first in 1908 specified the city area as a port area. The second in 1920 established Kaohsiung Street. The third in 1924 expanded the scale to officially found Kaohsiung City. Following the expansion of the city by combining nearby districts, most of the jurisdiction of what is today Kaohsiung City was completed in 1943. The port function and urban planning were the driving forces of the formation and expansion of Kaohsiung in this period. Instead of a distributed structure (dots) as in the past, the style of settlements formed in this period had a focusized structure (block), with Cijin, Gushan, Yancheng, Cianjin and Sinsing districts as the focus of regional development.
Yancheng and Gushan were the focus of district development in the 1950s during the ROC Period. It headed east toward Cianjin and Sinsing, north toward Sanmin, and south toward Lingya and Cianjhen in 1960s, Nanzih in the northern border became the another focus of regional development in the beginning of 1970s. Sanmin and Siaogang became the focus of regional development in the mid-1970s to 1980s; Siaogang in the middle to the end of the 1980s; Zuoying and Nanzih in the 1990s; and Zuoyin in the end of the 1990s to 2004, leaving space in the northwest border undeveloped. The port trade function was the driving force of regional development. Industrial areas and tertiary worker population were the factors driving of population growth, and urban planning is the guidance of regional development.
In sum, the process of sprawl is just as the open－close pottern of umbrella which is defferent from Taaffe’s webbed one.
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