| Summary: | 博士 === 臺灣大學 === 農藝學研究所 === 95 === The main purpose of this research is to study the phylogenetic relationship of Glycine species collected in Taiwan. The morphology and fine structures of seed coat of Glycine species accessions were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The seed coat surface of the cultivar (Shishi) contained pores and deposits. The bloom resulting from the attachment of endocarp was present in all of the species examined except G. max. In addition, the cavity sizes of the bloom were significantly different among these accessions. These characters, including seed weight, seed length, seed coat proportion and cavity density, might be helpful in Glycine species taxonomy.
A special structure (pit) on cotyledon surface of Glycine species was also analysed by SEM. Pit appeared on developing G. max seed about 15 DAP. These cells are multilobed, i.e. the signature of transfer cells, that might transfer nutrition from mother tissue to embryo. The size of pit area does not correlate with seed size since the pit sizes of each accession are almost the same while the seed sizes among them are totally different. The pit structure is not unique to Glycine species, it is also present on 21 genera among 12 tribes of Papilionoideae.
The flame dry method was used to prepare the somatic chromosome for checking the chromosome numbers of all Taiwanese Glycine accessions, the annual accessions were diploid and the perennial ones were all tetrapolid. The ploidy levels and the DNA contents of Glycine species were also determined by flow cytometry. The polyploid species contained amounts approximately the sums of the respective proposed parental diploid species.
The seed protein from many Glycine species were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot against soybean seed maturation protein and seed storage protein antibodies. Each species yields a unique electrophoretic pattern that varied in the total number of bands and their relative mobilities. Three genes, GmPM1, GmPM2 and Gm PM8 are more varied during the evolution of genus Glycine species, so their protein profiles can be used as a tool to identity Glycine species. In this study, using seed protein to group of G. tomentella species complex provided the same arrangement when compared to using isozyme described before. Hence, the long-pod G. tomentella, that is G. dolichocarpa, belongs to G. tomentella T2 race, and the short-pod one belongs to T4 race.
There was no reproductive isolation between G. dolichocarpa and T2 race, and for taxonomy status, T2 race is G. dolichocarpa. Crossing between the respective parental diploid species was also applied to comfirm the genome composition of G. tomentella T2 race. Furthermore, in gel hybridization of seed protein was used to examine the events.
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