| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 物理研究所 === 95 === The experiment of Bell’s inequality (BI) is one designed to test whether the real world obeys the principle of “local realism”, which states that objects have definite properties independent of measurements and other events far away. While this experiment is usually based on the intrinsic property of photons, i.e. polarization, we attempt to accomplish it based on the spatial features of photons, such as Hermite-Gaussian (HG) modes. For this purpose, analyzers which can be used to measure the HG modes of photons are needed.
In this thesis, we provide the schemes of these analyzers, which can separate HG modes to different ports just as a polarized beam splitter does. To construct the analyzers, we also introduce another kind of devices called “mode retarders”, which are analogous to wave plates because they introduce phase differences between corresponding HG modes. By coupling these mode retarders with sets of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) in the configuration of a binary tree, one can perform measurements on passing light in the HG basis. Several sources are produced by computer-generated holograms (CGHs) to demonstrate these schemes experimentally, while the corresponding simulations are also made to confirm our predictions in the more precise way.
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