| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺北教育大學 === 幼兒教育學系碩士班 === 95 === ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to explore how a young child expressed his anger during the interaction with his father. Explore stimulus for the child’s anger, the child’s anger frequency and reactions, father’s responses on the child’s anger, and related factors which influenced the child’s anger. Participant observation, interviewed, documents were employed to collect data, and analyzed. Research found that the child expressed anger in a continuous process which included the stimulus which caused his anger, his emotional status when anger occurred, anger reactions to father’s responses and the ways of father’s. The study results showed as following:
1. The stimulus which caused the young child’s anger was related with the context from high to low, play-time, homework-time, and meal-time. There were four events in these three contexts: personal control, rejection, violation of rules, and verbal aggression. Other than that material and physical events were included in the meal-time. In the 74 events besides the context, the frequency of events (from high to low) was: personal control, reject, violation of rules, verbal aggression, material, and physical. The child thought father interfered his works, harmed his self-esteem, against his expectation, invaded his belongs, his physical pain, all above made him angry.
2. The child’s anger influenced by the different contexts, homework-time, play-time and meal-time showed different frequency of anger.
3. There were six types of the child’s anger reaction: active resistance, expressing dislike, venting, avoidance, adult’s assistance, and aggression. Active resistance and expressing dislike were the most primary anger reactions in the beginning of the events. In the events of personal control, violation of rules, verbal aggression, physical, the child would show active resistance responding to father’s discipline, requests, and invades, against expectation, self-esteem harm. Because of against the child’s expectation, self-esteem, belongings which been invaded, the child would show dislike.
4. The father’s respondences to the child’s anger would depend on different contexts. The father’s respondences could be grouped into six categories: explain reason, emotional support, transition emotions, verbal aggression, minimizing responses, ignorance. When father responded with explain reason, emotional support, and transition emotions, he comforted the child’s emotion and achieved their goal as well. Contrary, once father responded with verbal aggression, minimizing responses, ignorance, the child’s anger would be stronger and prolonged.
5. The related factors which affected the child’s anger were young child’s character, father’s character, and context.
(1)On the side of child’s character, influenced by temperamtant of rhythmicity, not easily transit attention, cognition persistence, and physical condition.
(2)On the side of father’s character, influenced by working time and discipline style.
(3)On the side of context, influenced by whether both father and the child achieved the same goal, formerly emotional experiences, interruption, timing and frequency of interaction.
Moreover, the researcher found the child’s emotion development presented stages. From preschool to elementary school, the child needed more time to adjust the new environment. When the life style has been changed by the learning pressure and play time reduced, it was easily made young child’s resistant behavior. When father disciplined, requested, the child often showed his anger to his close family members. When father responded with verbal aggression, minimizing responses, and ignorance, young child’s anger would be stronger.
Key words: father-son interaction, young child, anger, emotional expression
|
|---|
