| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立清華大學 === 工業工程與工程管理學系 === 95 === Due to vigorous development of the commercial aviation enterprises, aviation safety becomes more and more important. From the literature review, it was found that situation awareness has a great influence on aviation safety. Since the occupational characteristics of pilots are quite special, including great responsibility for aviation safety, once they encounter an emergency situation, they have to deal with higher mental stress than ordinary level. According to the statistic data from Federal Aviation Administration, there were 27% operational errors, 40% orbit aviation and 15% approaching accidents resulting from communication errors. In the study of Prinzo(1995), it indicates that over 59% pilots have at least one communication error during their communications; from the report of NTSB (Endsley, 1995a), 88% accidents come from situation awareness failures. Consequently, communication qualities between pilots and controllers are very important for aviation safety as the severity and frequency of accidents involved in communication errors.
This study investigates the human factors resulting in communication errors by the transcript analysis, aviation simulation experiment and questionnaire. We analyze the situation awareness by the SA model from Endsley and calculate the times of eighteen error types. In the end of the research, we inference to the human factors from cases which the accident types involved were those happened most frequently in the past few years.
From the results, it was found that there are six most frequent error types of pilots (incomplete call sign, incomplete hearback/readback, wrong grammar, wrong terminology, incomplete information and no response). And it was also found that SA performance will be influenced by emergency situations. As the work complexity increase, the correction of situation awareness decrease from the SAGAT.
As the result of key human factors affecting situation awareness and error types from the questionnaire and transcript analysis, differences of training background and experience might affect the completeness of SA and communication efficiency when pilots face emergency situations which causes in incorrect terminologies and wrong grammar.
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