| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立花蓮教育大學 === 鄉土文化研究所 === 95 === Abstract
Twenty nine archaeological remains, including twenty three potsherds, five reddish stones, and one grindstone, excavated from the northern Taiwan have been carried out with micro-Raman spectroscopy to understand the mineralogical compositions of red coatings and pastes. The analyzed samples have been recognized to belong to the early and middle Neolithic Age, i.e. Ta-pen-ken Culture, Shun-tan-pu Culture, Chi-shan-yen Culture, and Yuan-shan Culture. The results of this study were further applied to decipher the relation between the Ta-pen-ken Culture of the early Neolithic Age and the Shun-tan-pu Culture of the middle Neolithic Age, raw material provenance, firing temperature, atmosphere and techniques.
The results of this study indicate that the mineralogical compositions of the red coating of the Shun-tan-pu Culture mainly composed of hematite, anatase, brookite and rutile. Surprisingly, the reddish stones and grindstone exhibit almost the same mineralogical contents. It is reasonable to deduce that the characteristic red coatings on the potsherds of the Shun-tan-pu Culture were derived from the reddish stones. On the basis of mineralogical compositions, the grinded reddish stones and the loosing joint between the red coating and paste, the red coatings were made powder from the reddish stones and then put on the surface of pottery by prehistory people. The reddish stones were the weathering products of the gravel bedding in the Lin-Kou tableland. From the viewpoint of mineralogical composition of pastes, the raw material sources were from the volcanic area nearby, except the Ta-pen-ken Culture wares, all present diagnostic igneous mineralogy, e.g. plagioclase feldspars and pyroxenes. The mineralogy also shows that the pottery form the Tu-di-gong- shan Site of the Ta-pen-ken Culture, Chi-shan-yen Site of the Yuan-shan Culture were produced under the reduced atmosphere, the others were the oxidized atmosphere. The difference of the firing atmosphere was attributed to the position while the potteries were firing. For the absence of high temperature minerals, e.g. hercynite, fayalite and mullite, the firing temperature should be lest than 750℃.
Keywords: Micro-Raman spectroscopy, Shun-tan-pu Culture, Red coating
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