| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立彰化師範大學 === 輔導與諮商學系所 === 95 === The Male Adult’s Gender-Based Violence Experiences and their Masculinities
Abstract
Gender-based violence refers to all the violence behaviors based on gender which is caused by gender inequality. While female victims’experiences in such cases are broadly argued and studied, males’ are almost ignored. The definition of gender-based violence goes any form of violence behavior that implies the meaning of sex or gender whether its victims are women or men. ”
Actually, men also experience gender-based violence, and the official statistical result in Taiwan also says. In the past, western researches usually focus on the serious level of gender-based violence-male rape victims. Many studies about male victims or survivors, the important concept is their masculinities.
According to statistics show, men also suffer/ experience gender-based violence, and Taiwan is not an exception. For years, researchers choose to focus no male victims on serious violence level and their masculinities.
However, masculinity is a complex, multiple concept, and it is difficult to define in this study. “Masculinities” means the male adults’ self-descriptions about their biological or the social-constructed gender.
To understanding what kind of the gender-based violence do Taiwanese male adults have gone through, this study focus on two purposes: 1) to know what the male adults’ gender-based violence experiences are, and 2) to know what masculinities do they have after being in violent experiences. And the two major questions of this study are: 1) What kind of gender-based violence experiences do these male adults have? 2) What kind of muscular identity do these male victims develop ?
To collect more details, the qualitative methodology is chosen for this study. Four male adults have participated in this study and received from tow to four times semi-structured interviews. After being informed the definition of gender violence, all the participants were asked to share/ talk about their gender-based violence experiences and how these experiences made them feel about their own masculinities. The data is then coded and analyzed in the basis of the phenomenological method.
Results of the present study show that: 1. the gender-based violence experiences of Taiwanese male adults (1) are in relation to gender trait and bodies. (2) almost occurred constantly from junior to senior high school until now, and (3) most were exercised by male peers and teachers. (4) The forms of those violent behaviors are various, including contempt, verbal assault, or body attack. (5) The witnesses usually hold a neglectful attitude toward these behaviors and situations. (6) These disregard make the participants feel upset in various levels. And finally, (7) though these male adults submitted to gender-based violence for more than one time, they would fight back in ways once they had the chance.
2. Their gender-based experiences influence their masculinities in 3 different levels. (1) cognition level: because they have experienced such gender-based violence, these male adults could distinguish their gender traits form others. (2) emotion level: While the trauma came to an end, some male adults found their gender identities as transgender or gay, for instances, others still adhered their original gender identity, which was the heterosexual male identity in other words. (3) action level: For those who have more flexible gender identities, they had developed some skills to open their lives, such as joining the gay communities or so. These experiences provide heterosexual male with more gender identities and the chance to rethink about the gender boundaries in our society.
Finally, the researcher offers counselors, school workers and further researchers some suggestions.
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