| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立體育大學 === 教練研究所 === 95 === This research mainly investigates the difference between European and Japanese grips of tug of war in the activation level of upper limbs’ muscles, muscle fatigue, and pulling-force during back-step offence and static defensive process.
The purposes are:
1. comparing the differences of pulling-force performance in offence and defensive to European and Japanese grips.
2.observing the differences in activation level of upper limbs’ muscles when offence and defensive between European and Japanese grips.
3. discussing the changes of muscles fatigue in both European and Japanese grips when static defensive separately .
Participants were recruited from national top three outstanding high school teams with 560 kg-grade and each team contain ten participants (exclude anchor men). The European-style team (average age 16.5± 0.71) and Japanese-style team (average age 16.8± 0.25 performed 90% maximum loading with 15 s back-step offensive movement after maximum pulling-force measurement; then performed 100% loaded pulling-force to proceed unlimited timing of static defensive movement until the participants feel tired and showed collapsing status of maintaining grips posture. One Electric Pulling-force Meter (4000Hz), two JVC High-Speed Video Camera (30Hz) and Biovision EMG system (4000Hz) were used to collect the EMG data.
The main research results are:
1. It showed significant difference between ‘European’ and ‘Japanese’ grips in pulling-force for both offensive and defensive steps. ‘European’ group showed higher significantly values in offensive and defensive movement’s maximal pulling force, average pull force, minimal pulling force and endurance pulling force than ‘Japanese’ grips. Besides, in the beginning of offensive movement, ‘European’ grips take less time to reach the top of pulling-force value. The reason of causing pulling-force differences could be related to the posture and original pulling-force ability.
2. Participants of ‘Japanese’ grip showed significant higher activation level in left flexor carpi, left triceps, right extensor, right triceps and right biceps than ‘European’ grip. It suggests ‘Japanese’ grip need to recruit more motor units to maintain grips posture and interaction for most parts of upper limbs’ muscles.
3. For ‘European’ and ‘Japanese’ grips in static defensive movement, medium frequency of muscles decreased dramatically according to increasing of defensive time. Left flexor carpi and right extensor reached to fatigue status earlier in ‘European’ grips; left flexor carpi, right extensor and right flexor carpi reached to fatigue status earlier in ‘Japanese’ grips. For EMG amplitude, the ‘European’ grip showed significant increasing in right flexor carpi with time increasing; however, ‘Japanese’ grips showed significant decreasing in right flexor carpi and right triceps.
This research suggests the training on upper limbs’ muscles in “European” and “Japanese” grips, should focus on:
1. muscles acting order
2. EMG active level
3. limbs’ muscle fatigue level
to diagnose and adjustment training entirely.
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