| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 土壤環境科學系所 === 95 === How to guarantee the positive effect of the addition of organic fertilizer and reduce the negative effect on the gualities of the crop and the environment is the urgent matter. The objectives of this research was to study on the soil qualities affected by the fertilization practices under organic and convention farming systems. Laboratory incubation and field expriments were conduted in this study. Incubation experiment was to determine the nitrogen and phosphorus release characteristic of composeted animal manure and soybean meal in Liuying soil, while the farm experiment was conducted in the organic and convention farm in the Asia vegetable Research and Development Center with mini-cabbage and cherry tomatoes rotation. Six fertilizer treatments, including Ⅰ(traditional estimation), Ⅱ(N releasing estimation), Ⅲ(P releasing estimation), Ⅳ(high efficiency estimation), Ⅴ(balanced estimation), and Ⅵ(nutrient uptake matched estimation) with Randomized complete block design (RCBD) and 4 replicates. Results of laboratory incubation experiment showed that the N and P release rate of soybean meal applied in Liuying soil after 100 days were 38 % and 64 % respectively. The Prelease rate of the composeted animal manure applied in Liuying soil was of the 61 % , whereas soil inorganic N content was lower than that of control reason needs be studies in the furthure. Different treatments under the organic and convention farming system all increased the inorganic N, Olsen-P, exchangeable Ca and Mg contents and reduced the bulk density and penetration resistance of the soil, and the most significant effect was found in the treatment of N releasing estimation. The soil heavy metal content and nutrient accumulation of the treatment IV (high efficiency estimation) and treatment VI (nutrient uptake matched estimation), after two crops, were lower other treatments, and the total fertilizer tapplied in the treatment VI (nutrient uptake matched estimation) was lower than that treatment IV (high efficiency estimation). The treaments of IV (high efficiency estimation), V (balanced estimation) and VI (nutrient uptake matched estimation) used less amount of fertilizers, showed had a higher yeild of crops. Based on the evaluation by soil nutrient availability, the status of nutrient accumulation, and the crops growth, the treatment IV (high efficiency estimation) and VI (nutrient uptake matched estimation) are the better fertilizing practice, not only may guarantee higher in the soil quality the crops production, and have higher efficiency of fertilization.
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