硝化甘油反應動力學參數研究及製程安全操作條件分析

• Main Authors: Peng-Chu Lin, 林鵬舉
• Other Authors: Kai-Tai Lu
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2007
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87453120381195429928

博士 === 國防大學中正理工學院 === 國防科學研究所 === 95 === The nitroglycerine has been widely used as explosive and propellant ingredient recently. Its manufacturing process was developing from earlier batch reactor to continuous stirred tank reactor and injection reactor, but explosion and fire incidents have not suspended yet. The problem of industrial safety cannot be ignored. Since the analytic result of reaction kinetic parameters controls operating conditions effectively in manufacturing process, it’s necessary to develop more safe process and control technology for manufacture of nitroglycerine, which is most useful method to reduce incidents. Unfortunately, the kinetic parameters of reaction and thermal balance analysis of manufacture of nitroglycerine have not been clearly identified so far. Practically, three sections have often occurred accidents in the manufacture of nitroglycerine. Most of them occurred in nitration-separation, washing and storage, after-separation and handling of spent acid. In this investigation, the reaction kinetic parameters of nitroglycerine was estimated from the experimental results in tubular flow reactor by numerical analysis method, and the safe conditions of operation for the reaction system in Biazzi process were evaluate with mass as well as energy balance equations. This study is based on Semenov’s thermal explosion theory. In addition, there are many explosion accidents which occurred during handling or storage of spent acid after the separation of nitroglycerine in nitroglycerine factories, too. The safety charts have been constructed in various literatures in order to cope with these hazards. In this thesis, the simulated border lines of these safety charts were established with numerical analysis method in polynomial forms, which can be used to evaluate the composition of safety during handling or storage of spent acid. Furthermore, this study used practical operating conditions of Biazzi continuous process to evaluate the stability of spent acids during storage. In this work, the maximum amount of water can be allowed into the spent acid to add at 20oC and 35oC was suggested. Besides, the mathematical model was expressed as the relationship between the contents of water and nitric acid for the stability of spent acids. The results are important and useful concerning optimal reactor design and safe operating evaluation in the production process of nitroglycerine. Then, the analytical results of spent acid issue are useful for the safe handling and stable storage of spent acids in nitroglycerine factories.