| Summary: | 碩士 === 臺北市立教育大學 === 科學教育研究所 === 94 === A Study of the Relationships among the Scores of Othello Game and Middle Graders’ Reasoning Ability, Creativity and Problem-solving Ability
Abstract
In recently education reform, educators concerned an important issue how to improve students’ creativity and problem-solving ability. The reseacher found that chess instruction could develop students’ high－order thinking and problem-solving skills from the literature review. The process of chess game could be regarded as a problem-solving process.
There were already many studies about chess in foreign contries, and researchers used information process model to investigate the thinking process of human, seldom studies about Othello game ; and the same sistuation in Taiwan .The purposes of the research were to （1）investigate the relationships among the scores of Othello game and the middle－graders’ reasoning ability, creativity, and problem- solving ability,（2）investigate the differences between chess players’s problem-solving methods.
The methodology of the research was designed quantitative and qualitative. In the quantitative aspect, researcher proceeded the Pearson’s product-moment correlation by Othello game scores, Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices（SPM）, Williams creative thinking abilities measurement, and problem-solving measurement. In the qualitative aspect, reseacher used ‘the tests for chess players’ problem -solving ability’ and ‘the puzzles of Othello’ as tools to analyze the differences in the path of problem -solving between the high-scored and low-scored groups.. There were 32 subjects chosen from the elementary school at Shu-Lin city in Taipei, and each student’s score got from the recycling competition , each one was passed through 31 games, so the total games were counted to total 496 times.
The results of the research were summarized as follows:
（1）There was significant correlation between the scores of the Othello game and SPM（r=.532, p<.01）, Williams creative thinking ability measurement（r=.678, p<.001）and problem-solving measurement（r=.684, p<.001）.
（2）Researcher used ‘the tests for chess players’problem -solving ’as tool to analyze the path of problem solving between the high-scored and low-scored groups, and found that tthere were differences between the high-scored group and low-scored group subjects in the reasoning ability , creativity and problem solving ability.
（3）Researcher used ‘the puzzles of Othello’ to analyze the students’ strategy of chess, and the results were showed that:（a）the high-scored group were superior than the low-scored in the percentage of the correct answers in the puzzles as same as in the aspect of chess strategy, defense and offense opinions of the chess ;（b）the differences between the two groups were that the high-scored group could take advantage of ‘occupy the corner’; so they had ‘far-seeing’ and they could play chess according to the development of chess; whereas the low-scored group didn’t have the opinion about ’ occupy the corner’.
The research conclusions were that:（1）there was significant correlation among the scores of Othello game and reasoning ability, creativity and problem-solving ability measurements and then reseacher could discriminate the differences of cognitive ability from the rank of the score of Othello game.（2）from the correlation among the scores of Othello game and reasoning ability, creativity and problem-solving ability, researcher knew that there was correlation among the scores of Othello game and students’ high-order thinking ability.This point was corresponded with the literature review that chess training could improve their high-order thinking ability.（3）from the ‘content analysis’of ‘the test for chess players’problem -solving ’, reseacher knew that the high-scored group and low-scored group had different thinking strategy and the differences of the whole thinking concepts would make different results.
Finally, owed to the significant correlation between Othello game scores and the three measurements, the researcher recommended: （1） to do the predictive research on Othello game toward increasing the cognitive ability; （2） school administrator to set Othello club for elementary students that they can develop the thinking ability of strategy and problem solving ability.
Key Words: OTHELLO, Reasoning Ability, Creativity, Problem Solving Ability
|
|---|
