| Summary: | 博士 === 國立臺灣海洋大學 === 環境生物與漁業科學學系 === 94 === This study establishes the model of sustainable fishery development indicator system (SFDIS) for Taiwan with a case study of Gungliau in order to evaluate sustainable development of marine fishery activities. This study uses documentary data and the existing statistical data to establish the SFDIS to analyse quantitatively the fisheries status in Gungliau. The SFDIS combines the four dimensions framework which is more comprehensive with the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework, aggregates indicators by factor analysis method, and analyse the relationships between indicators of PSR by canonical correlation analysis.
The results show that the success of the Australian and Canadian SFDISs is based on four keys aspects. First, involvement of the public; second, objectives are used to develop indicators instead of blindly collecting all indicators; third, the boundaries of the SFDIS should be the same as the boundaries of the management unit; and finally, each fishery is examined independently when each fishery is not looked at independently.
The establishing procedure of SFDIS should include seven steps adopted in this study. The framework selected should combine four dimensions framework with PSR framework if possible. There are many regulations and rules to follow in selecting indicators, but three main concepts are: indicators’ relatedness, accessibility, and acceptability. The analysis shows the close and logical relationships between fishery resource, harvest structure, harvest diversity, ecosystem diversity, net returns, employment, effort, investment, subsidies, institutional viability, and management efficiency are high. Therefore, it is suggested to include these as core indicators of Taiwan’s fisheries. Although factor analysis cannot precisely determine the sustainability of each indicator, but their past variances and standards can be used to understand sustainable trends and sustainable states of a given time period. This in turns can save labor, money, and time. The FAO kite diagram and Sustainable Development Committee’s dashboard of sustainability are two excellent visualizations.
Base on SFDIS database on four dimensions, the ecological and economic indices are sustainable, but social index is not. However, it is difficult to determine the institutional index trend. There are several important problems with regards to fisheries’ sustainability, namely, the marine environment in the ecological dimension; harvest, harvest value, effort, and fleet age composition in the economic dimension; employment, population density, aging index, and discard quantities in the social dimension; compatibility between local and higher level of enforcement, attendance rate at fishermen representatives conference, and fisheries funds in the institutional dimension.
In terms of the SFDIS database and the PSR framework, the fishery state index trend in Gungliau is sustainable, but pressure index trend is not. However, it is difficult to determine the response trend because it fluctuates over the study period. It may be inferred that the fishery system in Gungliau is significantly affected by environmental change, largely due to inadequacies in the management system. Therefore, the most serious problem is compatibility between local and higher levels of enforcement resulting in the problems of effort, harvest, harvest value, and fleet age composition.
The lift net fishery, angling gear fishery, and gill net fishery appear similar trends in 2003. Furthermore, the common circumstance of the four fisheries is that effort is very low. The operators in aquaculture cannot produce high harvest although high net return and profit rate can be acquired. There are some problems in producing progress. Nevertheless, the operators in the marine capture fishery can continue to harvest, but net return and profit rate are not as high as in aquaculture. Employment in the marine capture fishery and aquaculture is towards unsustainability.
To sum up, there are several important problems preventing fisheries to move towards sustainability summarized as follows: (1) compatibility between local and higher level of enforcement, (2) harvest in aquaculture, (3) employment, and (4) ageing index. The SFDIS can effectively evaluate fishery activities and it is supposed to successfully achieve the goals mentioned by the study.
|
|---|
