| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺中教育大學 === 環境教育研究所 === 95 === Taiwan is the first area of Asia to implement the substitute service, which has obviously improved the awkward situation caused by insufficient manpower of public affairs organization. The environmental problems of our country get more attention in recent years, so the business of local environmental protection administrative agency is getting strenuous. The implementation of the substitute service in environmental protection not only provides support to the manpower of the environmental protection agency, but it also makes the environmental protection implementation more effectively by utilizing the professional specialty of the substitute service draftees. The purpose of this study was to probe into the current environmental-protection substitute service through understanding these draftees’ participation motives, working satisfactions and working problems and to explore it there are any places that lack and need to treat improvement. The environmental-protection substitute service could be expected more effectively and the greatest contribution could be made to the environmental protection work.
At first, ten experts and scholars on environmental-protection substitute service, executives of environmental-protection administrative agency or soldier administrators and retired soldiers were interviewed. And then a questionnaire investigation was carried on present environmental-protection substitute service draftees. The objectives were sampled out stratified and randomly 307 effective questionnaires recovered from 420 issued copies. The recovery rate was 73.1% and the whole Cronbach α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.799. At last, some suggestions were made of the existing environmental-protection substitute service system as well as to the working problems encountered by present draftees.
The results of the study were shown as follows:
(1) The participation motives of environmental-protection substitute service draftees lay between the “ordinary” and “strong” degree and the main participation motive was “easier duties and having more time of one’s own”. Working problem severity was slightly lower than “ordinary.” The main working problem was “insufficient professional training or no existent help”. The secondary working problem was “only engaged in some trifles chores” and “not assigned work in accordance with specialty.” Working attitude approaches the “positive” degree. The most positive attitude was “I will make great efforts to overcome the difficulty met at work” and the least positive attitude was “environmental-protection substitute service was only soldiers’ duty, I don’t have to make too much effort”. But working satisfaction was lower than the “ordinary” degree. The one that had the highest satisfaction was “I can make a lot of friends with a common goal in the course of serving”. The one that was most unsatisfying was “I can’t look for a job in the served unit in the future”.
(2) The main suggestions offered by the investigated draftees about the environmental-protection substitute service system and working problems were to stipulate the rational regulations concerning rewards and penalties, standardize the rights and obligations of environmental-protection substitute service draftees, define working content and rely mainly on environmental protection and natural conservation, and assign in accordance with the specialty, so as not to do some trifling work or overloaded work.
(3) By analysing the background variable, the behaviors of draftees that had participated in the relevant activity of environmental protection were in all aspects, superior to the ones that had not participated in. When the lower non-professional work rate was and the higher his expectation was in accord with his working contents , one draftee’s behavior in working problems, working attitude and working satisfaction was superior to those of other draftees. The draftees who had served as volunteers for environmental protection, engaged in environmental protection, had the environmental protection experience and graduated from junior colleges, had stronger participation motives. The draftees whose working nature was more correlative with environmental protection and those draftees who served in the remote area had higher working satisfactions.
The integrated results were shown that the stronger participation motives and the less problems the substitute service for environmental-
protection had, the more positive working attitude the soldier showed. Combined with other external factors (for instance, the rate of unprofessional work, the accordance between working content and expectation, the correlation between working nature and environmental protection, etc.), the substitute service draftees for environmental-protection had higher working satisfaction. The researcher proposes formulating objective methods to select and eliminate the substitute service draftees for environmental-
protection, stipulate fair and reasonable methods of rewards and punishments as well as management system, standardizing the rights, obligations and working content of the substitute service draftees for environmental-
protection and offering effective professional training, health and medical insurance, etc.
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