| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 應用經濟學系所 === 94 === As technology continues to progress, the mankind spends more and more energy, and exhausts more and more carbon dioxide. It also makes the global warming effect getting worse and worse. In order to restrain this phonomeon, some of the countries in 1997 signed the “Kyoto Protocol” to stipulate the reasonable carbon dioxide emission. Taiwan is not the member of the “Kyoto Protocol”. But in the recent years, our country is continuing to exhaust more and more carbon dioxide. Because the earth belongs to all humanity, we should have the responsibility to protect the ecological environment of the earth. The usage of fossil fuel will exhaust many greenhouse gases, and one day we will deplete it. In order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, we must explicit the renewable energy that can substitute fossil fuel to use, like solar power, tidal current, wind power and biomass. And the one that the American and European countries develop it actively is biomass. Because it can be obtained from many kind of energy crops, and can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases efficiently.
The production cost of crops is higher than other countries, and it makes the crops become less competitive after Taiwan joining the World Trade Organization. Hence, in the recent years, the government continues to encourage the farmers to participate in zero tillage or growing green manure crops, and gives subsidies to them. It makes the measure of area for growing crops is getting less and less. The measure of area for growing green manure crops is getting more and more. Until 2005, there are 276,900 hectare of crops lands that is zero tillage or growing green manure crops in Taiwan. According to these situations, this research will use the Taiwan Agricultural Sector Model developed by domestic scholars, and will put the variable of energy crops in this model. It is going to simulate that if we grow energy crops in Taiwan to refine biodiesel to substitute some percent of the diesel demand. How many greenhouse gases will be reduced? And some other related results will be simulated.
We can get these results after simulating it. If we grow soybean, sunflower and rape to refine biodiesel to substitute two percent of the diesel demand. These three kinds of energy crops will need 163.88 thousand hectare, 135.28 thousand hectare and 144.59 thousand hectare crops lands to grow. Farmer’s revenue will be NT$ 81,591.02 per hectare, NT$ 79,008.71 per hectare and NT$ 74,048.8 per hectare. The labor force can increase 6.55 percent, 8.84percent and 2.75 percent. The carbon dioxide that can be reduced is 324 thousand tones, 406 thousands tones and 399 thousands tones. The price of biodiesel is NT$ 50.67 per liter, NT$ 38.11 per liter and NT$ 39.08 per liter.
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