| Summary: | 碩士 === 玄奘大學 === 社會福利學系碩士班 === 94 === Globalization has led to many social problems such as unemployment, precarious employment as well as weakened the social security system, which has resulted in the emergence of the new poverty class. The concept of new poverty means the growth in the number of people dependent on social assistance and the increase in unemployment and precarious employment. The problems of new poverty originating from unemployment and precarious employment does not affect a few marginalized people only; instead, an increasing number of people are being stranded by the multi-faceted problem. For the sake of understanding and explaining this phenomenon, the concept of social exclusion is hereby put forward.
This paper aims at exploring the situation of social exclusion in Taiwan by applying the concept of social exclusion advanced by EU. Secondary data analysis is used to conduct this paper. First of all, documents analysis is to review the related literature on social exclusion. Then the secondary data analyzed is adopted to do empirical research on social exclusion in Taiwan, targeting employed people aged from18 to 64 and middle to senior aged groups of 45 to 64 with description analysis and correlation analysis. Data analyzed in this paper is collected by the research project "Taiwan Social Change Survey 4 cycle's 4 year " sponsored by the National Science Council. The indicators in Questionnaire 1 to measure social exclusion are poverty orientation exclusion, labor orientation exclusion, education orientation exclusion, information orientation exclusion and interpersonal relation orientation exclusion, and poverty orientation exclusion, labor orientation exclusion,education orientation exclusion, information orientation exclusion and social participation orientation exclusion in Questionnaire 2. The conclusion drawn from this paper is as follows:
1.In terms of the region, the proportion of people being excluded from education and information orientation in Taipei is much lower than in Kaohsiung and the entire Taiwan, which indicates that there are disparities in exclusion among different regions in Taiwan.
2.With regard to the economy, the poverty and labor orientation exclusion are the most notably related in Taipei as Taipei has a higher poverty threshold than Kaohsiung and the entire Taiwan.
3.In respect of age, middle to senior aged groups are likely to experience much social exclusion than ordinary people, and are easier to be excluded in poverty, information and education orientation in particular.
4.With regard to the gender, the phenomena of female pauperization exists in Kaohsiung and the entire Taiwan.
5.In mutual comparison with EU’ social exclusion research, Taiwan has the same claim with EU such as exclusion among different regions, labor orientation exclusion and education orientation exclusion were significantly correlated in Taiwan. In addition, female pauperization and a higher percentage of education and information orientation exclusion existing in women than that in men in Taiwan coincide with the concept brought forward by EU that gender inequality will deepen social exclusion. Lastly, in Questionnaire 2, the poverty and labor orientation exclusion have no conspicuous relations with social participation orientation,which differs from the result of EU’s research. Therefore, the concept of social exclusion of EU should be adjusted when it applies to Taiwan.
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