| Summary: | 碩士 === 華梵大學 === 哲學系碩士班 === 94 === The motive of this thesis comes from the fact that, though Zhuangzi is the first philosopher to held a theory of Morphe – Psyche, there exists few papers handling with this theme, and from those which deal with this theory, the majority stop short within the realm of knowledge dominated by the mainstream discussion over the topic of six dynasties – whether the psyche would remain after the morphe passed away. In respect to the history and present status of Taoist studies, the emendation of the studies over this weak link would mean sensible academical contributions.
Zhuangzi's Morphe - Psyche Theory could be put forth in the following four points: (1) Morphe - Psyche Theory of life-structure, co- structuralization of Morphe -Psyche; (2) Morphe - Psyche Theory for the tendency of life-conservation, from preference of Psyche over Morphe toward the co-nourishing of Morphe – Psyche; (3) the decline and growth of Morphe and psyche during praxis – leaving Morphe away and the holding of psyche; (4) Morphe - Psyche Theory from technics toward Tao-the union of morphe and psyche.
According to these, the thesis consists of five chapters: The first chapter deals with the origin of the morphe -psyche theory, its development in ancient times till Spring-Autumn period，and its influence over Zhuangzi. Psyche and morphe are regarded as the interior and exterior of an individual. A philosophical concern could also start with individual life, beginning with the knowledge of the origin and corruption of psyche and morphe, then understanding, in the perspective of life, when the morphe follows the psyche, and when should morphe and psyche be nourished together. Such are the topics of chapter two.After the knowledge of the leading psyche, one should proceed to cultivate the subjective psyche, nourishing the psyche through quietness, reducing the desire of soul, so that the chassis and seat of the soul could become transpicuous, in order to achieve the psyche unified with heavenly Tao. The cultivation of the psyche in praxis is the theme of chapter three.The I as subject and the Thing as object, sheer as apparent external phenomena, would be impossible to unite. But through the cultivation of the subject, with deprivation of Ego and without 'knifing and attrition against the Thing'（〈Qi Wu Lun〉）, it is possible to 'concentrate the psyche into the Thing', turning technics to Tao, unifying heavenly Tao, interior psyche and exterior Thing together, so that it could reach the stasis of mutual oblivion between the Thing and The I. This is to be demonstrated in chapter four.The fifth chapter elucidates the influence of Zhuangzi over the philosophy and literary aesthetics of later generations, ended with the reflection over modern life through Zhuangzi's Morphe – Psyche theory.
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