| Summary: | 碩士 === 佛光人文社會學院 === 經濟學系 === 95 === Since the late 1970’s, advanced industrial, developing, and socialist countries, transferred both enterprise and service from the public to the private sector. Privatization is a global trend, which has become a popular movement throughout the world, and it has an increasing tendency. The government of Taiwan ostensibly to encourage and popularize the privatization policy since 1989.
In the context, the discussion is taken whether governments retain their control over the upstream firm ordering the access pricing under the policy of privatization. While liberalization without governmental control, the upstream firm pursue maximum profit by raising the access pricing; otherwise, governments retain the control over the upstream firm, it will decrease the access pricing on the basis of the principle of pursuing maximum social welfare.
In the context, the discussion is taken those three stages with game analysis. The upstream is a monopoly, and the downstream included many of the firms（n and n is giving） and one monopoly-owned firm. The downstream is the stackelberg competition. The monopoly-owned firm is stackelberg leader, and the other downstream firms as stackelberg followers. In the first stage, the monopoly of upstream decides the access pricing. In the second stage, we decides the most adequate output for the industry that is owned by the monopoly. And comparing by the static analysis to know the relation of n（n is giving）and the other variable. In the last stage, we decides the most appropriate output for the each industry. In the context, we concluded the result by using the subgame perfect equilibrium and backward induction. In the conclusion, social welfare can be raised, while governments retain their control over the upstream firm ordering the access pricing under the policy of liberalization.
Key word: liberalization, leader, vertical separation.
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