| Summary: | 碩士 === 慈濟大學 === 人類學研究所 === 93 === Sakizaya, had being incorporated into the “North Amis” for more than one hundaed years since the last years of nineteen century. By reason of the so-called “Kalyawan Battle”, they were suffered a bad setbacks and forced to exiled from their own territory to the Amis villages which located around their original tribes in Haulien. Sakizaya concealed their identity and merged into Amis communities since then and being considered as one branch of the “North Amis”, eventually.
Nowadays, the language of Sakizaya, is the most obviours characteristic for outsider to discriminate them from other populations. As the rise of the genetic anthropology, biological anthropologists had started to confer the population genetic relationships about Tawian aborigines for a span of time. And we wonder if the genetic information of Sakizaya would tell us more about their population composition that beyond the naked eye could distiguish. Therefore, my subject was first to reconstract the population history of Sakizaya, and re-evaluates their ethic destination. By next, it would examine the mitochondrial DNA for 9-bp deletion and HV I seqeunces of Sakizaya, the North Amis (samples from Kuwazon) and and Middle Amis (samples from Fataan) by moleular genetics technologies. And all these data were finally put into genetics analysis softwares to proceed for the further purpose, the distinguishable relationships between Sakizaya, the North Amis and the Middle Amis.
The results of my reasarch show that, the statistics evaluation value of 9-bp deletion frequency between Sakizaya, Kuwazon and Fataan is not significant. And according to the performance of the mitochondrial DNA HVI sequences, although Sakizaya and Fataan is apparent different, the seqence distance between Sakizaya and Kuwazon is so intimate that almost overlap to each other. I suppose, the sequels of the “Kalyawan Battle” had affected the population genetics structure of Sakizaya since the late nineteen century. For further discussion, I find one particular haplotype, called SKF3 for temporary, is shared by Sakizaya, the North Amis and the Middle Amis. And this haplotype is widely spread among most East Aisan populations but at very low frequencies.
Compare with the mitochondrial DNA data infromation of ten populations in Taiwan, I obtain phylogeny trees about the Amis, Atayal, Bunun, Paiwan, Puyuma, Rukai, Saisayat, Tsou, Yami, Taiwan Han, Sakizaya, the North Amis and the Middle Amis. It appears that, Sakizaya, Kuwazon and Fataan is clustered together first, then clustered to Taiwan, then is Amis. Furthermore, the haplogroups figure of all these thierteen populations shows that, the Tajima’s C2 and C4 haplogroups, which are suggested as ancient mtDNA clusters of Taiwan aborigines, is absent in Sakizaya, Kuwazon and Fataan; but the distribution of SKF3-like haplogroup is only discovered within the samples of Taiwan Han, Sakizaya, the North Amis and the Middle Amis. As my opinion, the intermarriage between Sakizaya, North Amis, Middle Amis and Taiwan Han, has influenced the genetics structures of all these populations.
|
|---|
