Two Essays on Financial Systems

• Main Authors: Chang, Shiau-Huei, 常曉慧
• Other Authors: Huang, Bor-Yi
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2006
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86038743577320702704

碩士 === 實踐大學 === 企業創新發展研究所 === 94 === Chapter1-- A Historical Perspective on the Institutional Change of Credit System of Agricultural and Fishermen Associations in Taiwan Abstract Agriculture had played an important role in the development of economic history in Taiwan. However, the ratios of agricultural production and population have been both decreasing as the rapid growing of industrialization. It is become a hot issue to reposition the statue of agriculture department in the whole economic system. In the recent years, Credit Department of Agricultural Associations hs the higher ratio of non-performance loans and abuse in finance, which catches the concern of government and scholars, so, the voice of reforming the agricultural finance system emerges. But the plan that is guided by government to innovating agricultural finance system had ever lagged due to the protest launched by 100,000 farmers. The problem of reforming the agricultural finance system is complicated because it is that the system is the result of history, which means that it is not only a pure economic issue but involved in more social and political problems. Therefore, we have to analyze the issue from a view of institutions economics and see through the complications of benefits and farmers’ consciousness complex under the present system, then, looking for the access which can not only resolve the present problem but can be in accordance with the trend in the future. The article use institutions economics theory, including transaction cost theory, contract theory, property right theory, and ideology theory, to analyze and explain the meaning of the issue about development of Credit Department of Farmers and Fishermen Associations during the process of the development of the whole economic history in Taiwan. Key words: Credit Department of Farmers and Fishermen Associations, Institutions Economics. Key words: Credit Department of Farmers and Fishermen Associations, Institutions Economics. Chapter2-- A Study on SMEs Finance and Credit Guarantee Programs in Japan Abstract The numerous small & medium Enterprise（SMEs）in Japan account for the 99% market share of all Enterprise number in the whole country. SMEs have great contribution to supplying opportunities of emplacement and to thriving on economics. In 1990’, Japan encountered a bubble economy，SMEs which the abilities of running and management are inferior to those of large enterprises’ had faced tough challenges and tests. Although the contribution SMEs make for Japan economics are obvious to all, SMEs still have a great difficulty which the large companies can’t image in obtaining external financing owing to their smaller size and the more serious asymmetric information. Hence, the financing issue is still an core concern in Japanese SMEs policies Japanese government approves of externality that SMEs create and decides to supports and executes the policies of SMEs professional finance institute. Besides, Japanese government also promotes positively Relationship Banking for easing the adverse influences caused from asymmetric information through establishing long-tern relationship with SMEs and collecting soft information of SMEs by local finance institutes to reduce the risks of credit and construct a propitious condition for the development of SMEs. The role played by SMEs in Taiwan economics and society is more important than SMEs in Japan where the big business economics are well-known and emphasized, so it takes for granted that Taiwan government pays more attention to SMEs without question. Under the above condition, it becomes a concern among industry, government, and academia to think how to use limited resource to provide SMEs with essential assistance and support. Taiwan’s SMEs finance system was constructed in 1970’ and learned from the experience of Japan. The matters about economic development that Taiwan is encountering now are almost Japan’s history, so the study on Japan’s SMEs finance system may help us to get advices from Japan’s experiences The article is planed to survey the recent transition of Japanese SMEs finance system and the content of credit guarantee system and analyze the meaning of the relative issue for offering our country people’ reference on the relative issue. Key words：Small and Medium Enterprise Finance, Credit Guarantee.