| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立高雄大學 === 都市發展與建築研究所 === 93 === This dissertation“Urbanized Immigration Temples” in Taiwan means that a transition innovated by Taiwanese new immigrants in the urban on social space, urbanization, and modernization from a kind of “temples of religious rites” and “village temples” under traditional destiny to be the “immigration temples of new urban style” of modern social space after the period of Japanese governing Taiwan. There are a lot more studies on village temples recently, and this dissertation study is the beginning for the perspective of “Urbanized Immigration Temples”.
“Penghu Temples” in Kaohsiung City, for example, indicates those temples created and built by the “people immigrated to Kaohsiung City taken Penghu as their original domicile” and their descendants and their relatives through marriage during the period of Japanese in power of Taiwan. They are the guidepost and symbol of “cultural style” that the “working-away-from-home” laborers of native Penghu immigrants in Kaohsiung City under the urbanized “social structure” and “the production of space”.
The historical and social context of “urbanized immigration temples” is mainly because under the force of push-pull of urbanization; on one hand, from the “push force” between “natural environment” and “rate of increase of population” in Penghu during the end of Ching Dynasty to the early period of Japanese in power of Taiwan, and on the other hand, from a series of “pull force” produced by Kaohsiung urbanization, modernization, and industrialization under the national power after the period of Japanese in power of Taiwan, it makes the Penghus from the “working-away-from-home” laborers who move in and out become the new urban immigrants who follow the four-phase spatial and industrial development (from Ha-ma-hsing, Yen-cherng, Hsin-hsing, to southern and northern districts) in Kaohsiung City. The way that “the new urban immigrants” adapt, agree, and protect rights is different from the one of the essential people’s. They mainly take village temples as a core and move the branch censer and branch soul of their god to “Penghu Liao” and “Penghu Association” in Kaohsiung to form a “big union region” and the same provincial club, and then further participate in politics under the support of social conventions force of the folk belief. The main stream of the research on “working-away-from-home” is from Japan. And this dissertation takes “Urbanized Immigration Temples” as a topic from the topics of “working-away-from-home” to study. It is a start of the systematic argumentation on this perspective.
This essay under a systematic structure compares the 11 items of “guidepost” with the characteristics of the production of space of the samples from its 55 items of “Penghu temples” in Kaohsiung City. It is a test and contribution of this dissertation different from the past cases and special topics on the “Methodology” of the research. “Urbanized Immigration Temples” present a kind of uncertain “clubs” and “regions” on the “social space structure”. Besides, the God of Lands doesn’t have a certain circle of worship. On space, “Urbanized Immigration Temples” don’t have five outer barracks for defending the malignant deity but have only the head barrack and five inner barracks which display the phenomenon of temples being removed and rebuilt again and again with the migration of the population. However, it forms a rarely found characteristic of “big union region” under the adaptation, agreement, and rights protection of the historical and social context as the discussion above and uses this characteristic as a base to participate in politics. And “Penghu temples” declines gradually with the decline of adaptation and agreement towards the old region.
Although “urbanized immigration temples” are positioned as “non-profit making” and public “special space” under the production of space, urban modern laws and regulations, and fixed quality and quantity, it is not a “village of nature” and street of nature on space any longer. It exhibits with square shape and vertical format (1/3), and it is further moved to the apartments and floor houses (1/3) surrounding the urban area in the later period. The condition of human beings and god’s living together is different from the one in traditional village temples. Its inner spatial logic therefore rearranges its new outlined structure and mostly loses its traditional temple space of the arbitration between human beings and god. On style, the important thing is that it produces out “Eclecticism” each period under the influence of modernization and westernization, and new material, laws of labor, and system.
In comparison from “village temples” to “urbanized immigration temples” with the street-temple style and “samples” of the traditional prefecture city, county city, and Hou-jing temple street, they differ in their union region, five barracks, and social structure and also differ in the form of “the production of space” formed naturally, but it is more similar with the migration and form of the “Hakkas’ temples” which are also the new immigrants of the urban in Kaohsiung City.
“Urbanized Immigration Temples” is obviously dominated and normalized by the outer format under the national modernization, rationalization, and legalization system after the period of Japanese in power of Taiwan. Under the characteristics of Chinese decorum --- “There are the laws of the land in the brightness, and there are spirits of the dead in the darkness” which is the phenomenon of dual separation and unified supplement mutually, it still produces some certain effect in the lower society of immigrants of labor from the perspective over 55 “Urbanized temples”. This is the key point of value transition on the production of space from god of land and village temples to modern urban becoming “Urbanized temples”. Therefore, under the influence of western and modern legalization system, from heaven starting laws to conventional laws to reasoning laws (natural laws) and then to the reason of factual laws, the first to bear the brunt is exactly located in the outer form and standard which form the characteristics of mixture and change of the inner and outer spatial form of the urbanized temples. The important value of argumentation for the dissertation is on this.
In conclusion, “urbanized immigration temples” are a transition of the deep value and form behind “form of space” of the laboring immigrants from the tradition to modern urban society in Taiwan.
【Keywords】： Urbanized Immigration Temples / Temple / Temple Street / Street-temple / Urban Immigrants / Urban History / The Production of Urban Space / Transition of Space / Working-away-from-home / Immigration / (Prefecture City, An-ping, Feng-shan County City / Hou-jing / Hakka Immigration Temple)
|
|---|
