A prospective study of dietary intakes and development for 0-1 year-old infants

• Main Authors: Su Chiu-Fan, 蘇秋帆
• Other Authors: Lyu Li-Ching
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2005
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74758269733604753630

碩士 === 國立臺灣師範大學 === 人類發展與家庭學系 === 93 === In addition to the effects of genetic predisposition, proper feeding and adequate nutrition intakes are important to infant growth and development. This study recruited 130 pregnant women from Taipei Municipal Women’s and Children’s Hospital and collected data of their children from birth to one year between Feb. 2003 and July 2004. Information including feeding practices, nutrient intakes, anthropometric measures, development and health status was obtained by telephone and/or face-to-face interview every month. The tools are included Monthly Diet and Health Questionnaire, Monthly Food Frequency Questionnaire, Infant Health Questionnaire and Follow-up Tracking Record. The software packages of SPSS 11.0 and STATA 8.0 were used for all statistical analyses. With comparison to data at birth, the participating infants showed the average body weight increased from 3172.3±423.1g to 9693.1±1054.1g at one year old, the average length increased from 49.2±2.0cm to 75.9±3.3cm, and the average head circumference increased from 34.0±2.4cm to 45.9±1.7cm. During the follow-ups of one year, the average weight, height and head circumference were between 50th and 75th percentiles on published growth curve in Taiwan. There were 18% of infants exclusively fed by breast milk and 12% of infants exclusively fed by formula from birth to one year old. The primary care givers of infants were their mothers and grandmothers. The results also showed that 45% of infants having the first complementary food at fourth month. Grain products and juices were the earliest complementary food for infants. Moreover, at sixth month 76% of infants started to eat semi-solid food replacing milk to be a meal. However, at one year old, this study observed that only 23% of infants had semi-solid food to be their three main meals per day. In this study, there were still 5% of infants did not have semi-solid food instead of milk as a meal at one year old. Because of the lack of quantitative data for estimating breast milk consumption, this study could only calculate nutrient intakes in infants who fed by formula. By 24 hours dietary recalls, infants fed by formula had energy intakes from 629 kcal at first month to 891 kcal at one year old. The percentages of carbohydrate and protein intakes of total energy increased with age (44% to 58%, 9% to 13%) and fat intake was reduced with age (48% to 29%). Except for choline, all other nutrient consumptions were higher compared to the DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes) in Taiwan. The daily energy intake from complementary food increased from 87 kcal for the first month to 392 kcal at one year old, protein intake increased from 2g to 14g, as well as fat intake increased from 0.4g to 5g and carbohydrate intake increased from 19g to 72g. During one year of follow-ups, we found that various family factors were not related to infant growth. Infants’ growth indices during one year showed that body weight had more positive correlations with mothers’ pre-pregnancy weight (p<0.05), height had more positive correlations with parents’ height and mothers’ pre-pregnancy weight (p<0.05). The infants fed by formula showed that nutrients intakes in the third month were positively correlated with body weight at one year old (p<0.05) and nutrients intakes from complementary food at the ninth month had positive correlations with head circumferences at one year old (p<0.05). Regarding the health status during one year follow-ups, the duration of breast-feeding showed a negative correlation with the frequency of illness (r=-0.18，p<0.05). By multiple regression analysis, besides the gender effect, mothers’ pre-pregnancy weight was positively correlated with infants’ weight at one year old (p<0.05). The fathers’ height was positively correlated with infants’ height at one year old (p<0.05). The infants’ plant protein intake from complementary food in the ninth month had positively correlated with head circumferences at one year old (p<0.05).